Dissemble Misers should think - Quran Chptr 4-39&40 (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-543)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 39 & 40 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-543) - درس قرآن

Dissemble Misers should think

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَمَاذَا عَلَيْهِمْ لَوْ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ وَأَنفَقُوا۟ مِمَّا رَزَقَهُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا 39

 إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُمِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ وَإِن تَكُ حَسَنَةً يُضَٰعِفْهَا وَيُؤْتِ مِن لَّدُنْهُ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا 40

39.  And what (harm) would it have done them if they had believed in Allah and the Last Day and spend (benevolently) of that which Allah hath bestowed upon them. And Allah is ever Aware of them (and all they do)?                                                  40.  Surely Allah does not do injustice even to the weight of an atom; and if there is a good deed, He will double it and will give (the doer) from His Presence an immense reward.

39.  Wa  maazaa  ‘alay-him  law  ‘aamanuu  Billaahi  wal-Yawmil-‘Aakhiri  wa  ‘anfaquu  mimmaa razaqa-humUllaah. Wa   kaanAllaahu  bihim  ‘Aliimaa. 40.  ‘InnAllaaha  laa  yazlimu  misqaala  zarrah. Wa  ‘in- taku  hasanatany- yuzaa-‘if-haa  wa  yu’-ti  milla-dunhu  ‘ajran  ‘azii-maa.

Commentary

Before these verses, two basic depravities regarding wealth and property were discussed i.e. stinginess and dissemblance. If it is considered thoughtfully, we can find reasons of these both worst depravities; which are:

1. Not having belief in Allah Almighty

2. And not putting faith in the retaliation of deeds (to be faced in the Doomsday).

The person, who has perception that the wealth is not mine but there is Someone Else Who gives it and He will take its account also from me. How would he do covetousness about that wealth against the will of its Giver (Allah Almighty)? And the person, who believes that Allah Almighty is nearest to his/her jugular vein and He knows everything either that is hidden or apparent, then how would he/she have courage of hypocrisy?

In these verses, Allah Almighty said to the infidels that if they had believed in Him and the Last Day instead of infidelity, and spent in the way of Allah Almighty escaping from avarice and in order to be seen of men, then what (harm) would it have done them? Nevertheless, there was entirely benefit for them in it. Loss is in the path, which they have adopted now. Allah Almighty is ever Aware of all they do and knows very well their intention of doing. They either will get reward or will be punished accordingly.  

Wa  ‘anfaquu  mimmaa razaqa-humUllaah – {and they spend (benevolently) of that which Allah has bestowed upon them}. Using this sentence, they are being told that Bestower is only Allah Almighty. Therefore, they should spend the wealth according to the guidance, commands and orders of Allah Almighty, and do not spend it in accord with their own will considering it themselves. Allah Almighty does not waste anyone’s right even to the weight of an atom.

Miser and hypocrite should think that there is nothing lacking in the treasures of Allah Almighty. It has come in the Sayings of Holy Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace of Allah Almighty be upon him) that if the entire world asks Him for the wealth and all the people are bestowed, even then there won’t be any decrements likewise drowning the needle in the sea, and the water of sea decreases by the water remains in the eye of the needle.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).  https://youtu.be/FZHXAbXAo70

A dissemble Miser - Quran Chptr 4-37&38 (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-542)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 37 & 38 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-542) - درس قرآن

A dissemble Miser

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

ٱلَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ ٱلنَّاسَ بِٱلْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمُ ٱللَّهُ مِنفَضْلِهِۦ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا 37

 وَٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ رِئَآءَ ٱلنَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَلَا بِٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْءَاخِرِ وَمَن يَكُنِ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ لَهُۥقَرِينًا فَسَآءَ قَرِينًا 38

37.  Who are miserly and bid people to be miserly, and hide that which Allah hath bestowed upon them of His Bounty. And for disbelievers We have prepared a shameful doom. 38.  And (also) those who spend their wealth in order to be seen of men, and believe not in Allah nor the Last Day. And whoso taketh Satan for a comrade, a bad comrade hath he.

37.  ‘Allaziina  yab-khaluuna  wa  ya’-muruu-nannaasa  bil-bukhli   wa  yaktumuuna  maaa  ‘aataa-humullaahu  min  fazlih.  Wa  ‘a’-tadnaa  lil-kaafiriina  ‘azaabam-muhiinaa. 38.  Wallaziina  yunfi-quuna  ‘amwaalahum  ri-‘aaa-annaasi  wa  laa  yu’-minuuna  billaahi  wa  laa  bil-Yawmil-‘Aakhir.  Wa  many-yakunish-shaytaanu  lahuu  qariinan  fasaaa-‘a  qariinaa.

Commentary

This verse is about those people, who are miserly from spending in the path of Allah Almighty themselves and wish to keep off other people too from this goodness. Particularly those children of Israel, in whose Scripture ‘Torah’ the glad tidings about the Last Messenger Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace of Allah Almighty be upon him)were existent, and the verses were mentioned about the truth of Islam, but they used to hide them.

It was told in the previous verse, that the people who are proud and boastful on their wealth, Allah Almighty will never like them. Now it has been commanded that these are the characteristics of such people who are niggard. They spend nothing in the way of Allah Almighty, nor give any advantage to the others. Allah Almighty bestowed them knowledge and wealth but they hide it from other people. They persuade the people for avarice with their tongues as well as their actions. Allah Almighty says, “For disbelievers we have prepared a shameful doom.”

These are also peculiarities of the proud people that they spend their wealth only in order to be seen of men and for cheating, that is to say; they are stingy for spending in the way of Allah Almighty, and they bid the people to be miserly for this purpose. However, certainly they spend their wealth in order to be seen of men. Neither those people believe in Allah Almighty nor do they have any faith in the Last Day (the Day of Resurrection). That is why they do not spend their wealth in order to get the pleasure of Allah Almighty and for the purpose of reward. However, they just want to show others their goodness.

The favorite and accepted manner near Allah Almighty is to perform the rights of human beings, and aim of spending the wealth should be to get His pleasure, and have hope for reward in the Hereafter. Only those people who are possessed by the devil, do the acts of insincerity and public show. 

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/wgwDR84iJrc

Human Rights - Quran Chptr 4-36 (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-541)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 36 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-541) - درس قرآن

Human Rights

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَاتُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْجَارِ ٱلْجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِوَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا 36

36.  And serve Allah: and ascribe nothing as partner unto Him and (show) kindness unto parents, and unto near kindred, and orphans, and the needy, and unto the neighbor who is of kin (unto you) and the neighbor who is not of kin, and the fellow-traveler and the wayfarer and (the slaves) whom your right hands possess. Lo! Allah loveth not such as are proud and boastful-

36.  Wa’-budUllaaha  wa  laa  tushrikuu biHii  shay-‘anw-wa  bill-waalidayni  ‘ihsaananw-wa  bizil-qurba  wal-yataamaa  wal-masaakiini  wal- jaari-  zil-qurbaa  wal  jaaril-junubi-wassaahibi-  bil-jambi  wabnis-sabiili,  wa  maa  malakat  ‘aymaanu-kum.  ‘InnAllaaha  laa  yuhibbu  man-  kaana  mukh-taalan-  fakhuuraa.

Commentary

After explaining the rights and duties of husband and wife, kindness and good behavior with each other, now Allah Almighty commands to serve Him, do not ascribe any partner unto Him, and show kindness to each person according to his/her grade and depending on their needs. First priority to perform the duty is the rights of Allah Almighty. For this purpose, you should worship only Him. None is His partner in any matter. Do well by having hope of reward on the Day of Resurrection and believe in Allah Almighty. The persons who give their wealth to the needy being proud and boastful, they ascribe partner unto Allah Almighty (because it is also a kind of polytheism).

Next to the rights of Allah Almighty, the rights of His servants come. Out of them, first grade is the rights of parents, who are responsible for the continuance of the generation. They look after and bring up their children at that time when the children would be very feeble and helpless. The parents are responsible even for their physical and mental training. Then the rights are about the near relatives and kindred. They use to help the person from time to time. Their rights should also be performed properly. Then the grade of rights comes about orphans and the poor. Orphan is helpless due to the depravity of parents and the poor is needy due to poverty. After it, the rights are about the neighbors who are of kin (unto you) and the neighbor who is not of kin have been determined. Then, there is a grade of friend and fellow. After them grade of travelers has come. Then it has been commanded to treat the slaves and maids with good behavior. At the end, Allah Almighty says, “The people who are proud and boastful (who do not consider anyone equal to them), they can’t perform these rights and Allah Almighty never likes such persons.”

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/4SwLZTclWpE

Appointing third persons for settlement - Quran Chptr 4-35 (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-540)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 35 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-540) - درس قرآن

Appointing third persons for settlement

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَبَيْنِهِمَا فَٱبْعَثُوا۟ حَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهِۦ وَحَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصْلَٰحًا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَآ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا 35

35.  And if ye fear a breach between them twain (the man and wife), appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire settlement, Allah will make them of one mind. Lo! Allah is Ever – Knower, Aware.

35.  Wa  ‘in-khiftum  shiqaaqa  baynihimaa  fab-‘asuu  haka-mam-min  ‘ahlihii  wa  haka-mam-min  ‘ahlihaa.  ‘Iny-yurii-daaa  ‘islaahany-  yuwaffi-Qillaahu  baynahumaa.  ‘InnAllaaha  Kaana  ‘Aliiman  Khabiiraa.

Commentary

Three methods for mending of disobedient, indecent and uncivil wives were told in the previous verse as for those women from whom you fear desertion. Admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Now it is being described that if these methods fail, then what should you do?

Allah Almighty says, “If you fear a breach between them twain (the husband and the wife) and they do not make a truce mutually, then you should appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire settlement and betterment of these miserable circumstances sincerely and whole-heartedly, then Allah Almighty shall create any form of agreement and make them of one mind.”

Unevenness in the matrimonial life was found everywhere in the world before Islam. The women were not given any right anywhere. The wife was considered worse than tongue-less animal and less than slave and bondmaid. Islam provided her a specific dignity as daughter, sister, wife and mother. Overall, it determined her rights and grades in each relationship.

There was some other badness in many religions that there was no religious and legal form of separation after once married, and some of them had made the separation a pleasantry. The husbands used to away their wives at a little matter. Holy Qur’an made correction and modified above both forms.  

In case of dispute, at first it was told that the husband should try to correct the matters personally. Now it is being commanded that whenever it becomes impossible, then the dispute should be tried to settle through the arbiters of the folks. Stage of divorce should come at very end, which is considered a worse act out of the lawful deeds.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/tObFYLWYD7c

Correction of rebellious women - Quran Chptr 4-34b (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-539)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 34b (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-539) - درس قرآن

Correction of rebellious women

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

ٱلرِّجَالُقَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَنُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا 34

34b.  And as for those from whom ye fear desertion, admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Then if they obey you, seek not a way against them. Lo! Allah is ever High, Exalted, Great.

34b.  Wallaatii  takhaa-fuuna  nushuu-zahunna  fa-‘izuuhunna  wah-juruuhunna  fil-mazaaji-‘i  wazribuu-hunn. Fa-‘in ‘ata’-nakum  falaa  tab-guu  ‘alayhinna  sabiilaa.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘A-liyyan- Ka-biiraa.

Commentary

In the previous lesson, we have learnt the status of the man by the word qawwaam, that is to say; the men are ruler, caretaker, monitor and in charge of the women due to being excelled by Allah Almighty and spending their wealth for providing them their necessities of life. Woman of good disposition is that who is obedient and looks after in the absence of her husband. She is not only protector of her chastity and honor but preserves also the rights, benefits, wealth, property, family and household goods of her husband.

After telling about rights and duties of both (men and women), now principles and methods of correction are being described in case of produced difficulties and badness in the matters of practical life.

Mutual coolness and misunderstanding springs up for some times, although husband and wife have all good relations between them, and it is a usual matter. Moreover, it is also possible that an obedient wife may disobey or she may have some bad habits, which may occur at any time from her. What should be the behavior of husband in these circumstances?  

Punishment for those women has been described in the verse, who disobey, abuse their husbands or have bad habits. First step of their punishment is that the husband should admonish verbally and advise them. If she does not admit it then he should be separate from her bed during sleeping. If even then, she does not agree, then last stage is to beat her. Nevertheless, the beating should not be such severe as neither the signs of beating are seen on her body, nor her any bone is broken.

We knew from it that every mistake and omission has different grade, and order of punishment is according to those grades. Beating the woman is the last stage of punishment. If the fault is very customary, then it is better to admonish instead of beating her. Moreover, beating should also be reasonable according to the grade of her mistake. It should be kept in mind in each condition that neither any bone of her body should be cracked, nor any sign of such wound should remain on her body.

Then if the women abstain from your disobedience or their bad habits after either advice or sleeping on separate bed or beating, then you should also stop punishing them. In addition, neither you should question them closely nor scrape their mistakes. Do not blame them, willing or not willing, but fear Allah Almighty. Certainly, He is ever High, Exalted, Great, Overcoming and Master of entire creatures. Remember it too that punishment of beating is not for the eminent women but for the disobedient and having bad habits.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/HhDdKUzU22Y

Men are senior to women - Quran Chptr 4-34a (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-538)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 34 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-538) - درس قرآن

Men are senior to women

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

ٱلرِّجَالُقَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَنُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا 34

34a.  Men are in charge of women, because Allah hath made the one of them to excel the other, and because they spend of their property (for the support of women). So good women are the obedient, guarding in secret that which Allah hath guarded.

34a.  ‘Ar-rijaalu  qawwaa-muuna  ‘alan-nisaaa-‘i  bimaa  fazzalAllaahu  ba’-zahum  ‘alaa  ba’-zinw-wa  bimaaa  ‘anfaquu  min  ‘am-waalihim.  Fas-Saalihaatu  qaa-nitaatun  haafi-zaatul-lil-gaybi  bimaa  hafi-zAllaah.

Commentary

Qawwaamuuna – (In charge, caretaker, and governors), this word’s singular isQawwaam, which has been derived from Qayyaam. There may be two aiming meanings of this word:

1. The ruler and the monitor.

2. The person, who provides surety, guarantee and security.

Many religious interpreters have described the meaning of qawwaamuuna  ‘alan-nisaaa-‘i as ‘the Sponsoring and providers of livelihood to the women, and their protectors.

Grades of men and women have been mentioned in this verse and it has been described that the men are senior to the women. Therefore, due to difference of their both grades, the difference will also be about them and this difference depends entirely on wisdom. Women and men are not equal. If the women wish equality and balance with the men, then it will be totally improper and unreasonable. Allah Almighty has appointed the men to look after the women, in charge of them and their caretakers. Following reasons have been described about the excellence of the men:

• The man has been bestowed excellence over the woman. This excellence is with regard to carnal and spiritual, as well as knowledge and practice too.

• The men spend their wealth on the women. They are responsible to provide them money or its value incumbent on the husband, daily food, clothes, expenses of maintenance, necessities of life, for affairs of housekeeping and at each time of exigency etc.

Two responsibilities of good-natured women have been described in the Noble Qur’an:

1. They obey their men.

2. In the absence of husband, they protect themselves and preserve the wealth of their husbands according to the order of Allah Almighty, that is to say; they keep the duties of their married state and do not embezzle in the right of their husband.

In the modern period, echo of mutual equation between men and women is elevating by the people of new (false) illuminated countries. The women are claiming equality of the men. For us, this verse of Holy Qur’an renders good service of flambeau of the way. In addition, these western nations have been viewing the vicious results of their civilization with their open eyes. Instead of following such nations blindly, it is our duty to get advice from this verse of Noble Qur’an and produce a pattern for others.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).  https://youtu.be/BfELU469cIo

The appointed heirs - Quran Chptr 4-33 (Pt-5, Stg-1)(L-537)- درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 33 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-537) - درس قرآن

The appointed heirs

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَٰلِىَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدًا 33

33.  And unto each We have appointed heirs of that which parents and near kindred leave. And as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant, give them their due. Lo! Allah is ever Witness over all things.

33.  Wa  li-kullin-  ja-‘alNaa  mawaa-liya   mimmaa  tarakal-waa-lidaani  wal-  aqrabuun.  Wal-laziina  ‘aqadat  ‘aymaanukum  Fa-‘aatuuhum  nasiibahum.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘alaa  kulli  shay-‘in  Shahiidaa.

Commentary

‘Al-laziina  ‘aqadat  ‘aymaanukum – (as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant), the persons, with whom you have promised for something, any treaty of alliance).

It has been described in this verse that the heirs have the right of portion from the wealth, which has been left by any deceased person, whether the dead persons either are parents or near kindred and with whom your right hands have made any covenant, they should be given their due.

Allah Almighty recognizes well that, what the portion of inheritance should be for which heir and what should be given to those who have been promised and that who accepts His orders and who denies/disobeys.

Reason of this verse’s revelation has been mentioned that many people used to embrace Islam individually leaving their idolater and infidel families, and their families and relatives used to remain infidels until long. The Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) made two by two Muslims as partners (brothers) of one another to remove this condition of the Muslims. Therefore, those partners used to become heirs of each other. But after some time, when their near kindred and relatives embraced Islam, then this verse was revealed that actually, the hereditary is the right of only those near kindred and real relatives. Spoken brothers have no right in the inheritance. However, they should be treated with good behavior in their lives, and if someone bequeaths anything for them at the time of death then it is convenient too. But lawfully they have no right in hereditary.

Allah Almighty has fixed the shares in the inheritance, which are due from the members of the family, near kindred and the relatives vide different verses. These entire portions of the inheritance have been determined in view of their rights and requisitions of all of them. These are good and proper from the beginning to the end for the Muslims in its acceptance. Therefore, we should perform them without any hesitation. Knowledge of Allah Almighty comprehends every thing. He understands very well the intentions and deeds of humankind. He shall reward or punish them in accord with their intentions.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).  https://youtu.be/1TB0w3G9e5g