Sharers in that which is left after death - Quran Chapter 4- 7 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-511) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 7 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-511) - درس قرآن

Sharers in that which is left after death

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا 7

7.  Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much. A legal share.

7.  Lir-rijaali  nasiibum-mimmaa  tarakal-waalidaani  wal-‘aqrabuuna,  wa  linnisaaa-‘i  nasiibum-mimmaa  tarakal-waalidaani  wal-‘aqrabuuna  mimmaa  qalla  minhu  ‘aw  ka-sur.  Nasiibam-mafruuzaa.

Commentary

The rights and concessions about orphan children were mentioned in the previous verses. Even that Allah Almighty cleared most petty affairs, which belonged to it, viz. The Mahr (the money or its value incumbent on the husband) of orphan girls should be given without fail, their training and bringing them up should be supervised properly. They should be looked after constantly until they reach the marriageable age. Their property should not be misappropriated. Their wealth should not be finished quickly due to the fear of their adolescence. And when the time of returning the property comes because of their becoming matured, it should be done formal in front of the witnesses.

Before the apostleship of the Messenger of Allah Almighty, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him), it was a tradition that the daughters could not get the share from the inheritance, either they might be little or older, including the sons who might not reach the marriageable age too. Only the elder sons, who were able to fight against their enemies, were considered heirs. It was the main cause that the orphan children were not given any part of share from the inheritance. This verse was revealed about those people. It has been ordered that the sons whether they are adult or little, they will get the share from the hereditary property of parents and near kindred as well as the daughters whether they are adult or little, will also get their share. This verse has finished the traditions of the period of ignorance and safeguarded the rights of orphan children; violation of their rights has been stopped. Detail about fixation of the share of right from the property of a deceased person will be discussed in the next section.

The Heritage Law of Islam is incomparable and has an Exemplary position in the world. Only the sons are considered sharer of the wealth of any deceased person in the maximum countries of the world. No share is given to the daughters. At some places, only elder and adult sons out of the children are imagined rightful heirs and successors.

Islam produced a perfect pattern of justice and equity, fixed the lawful and rightful shares of daughters also like the sons and of the women like other heir men too. The non-Muslims are being necessitated also to accept this Law of Islam in this reign of justice and equation.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/cdor1NTNxBk

Education of the orphans - Quran Chapter 4- 6 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-510) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 6 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-510) - درس قرآن

Education of the orphans

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَٱبْتَلُوا۟ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغُوا۟ ٱلنِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ ءَانَسْتُممِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَٱدْفَعُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا۟ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَادَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيبًا 6

6.  And test orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up. And whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). Then when ye deliver up their property unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.

6.  Wab-talul-yataamaa  hattaaa  ‘izaa  balagun-nikaah.  Fa-‘in  ‘aanastum-minhum  rushdan-fadfa-‘uuu  ‘ilay-him  ‘amwaala-hum.  Wa  laa  ta’-kuluuhaaa  ‘israafanw-wa  bidaaran  ‘any-yakbaruu.  Wa  man-  kaana  ga-niyyan-  fal-yasta’-fif.  Wa  man-kaana  faqiiran-  fal-ya’kul  bil-ma’-ruuf.  Fa-‘izaa  dafa’-tum  ‘ilay-him  ‘amwaalahum  fa-‘ash-hiduu  ‘alayhim.  Wa  kafaa  billaahi  Hasiibaa.

Commentary

It has been commanded in this verse, “Continue bringing up and educating the orphans, and testing their sense and comprehension at times till they reach the marriageable age; then, if you find them of sound judgment, then deliver up their property and wealth to them. However if you find that they do not have the required intellect even after reaching the marriageable age, then according to the sect of Imam Abu Hanifah, you would have to wait till the age of twenty five years. During this tenure, whenever he/she seems a wise person, then deliver over the wealth and property to them. Otherwise, hand them over their wealth and property after reaching the age of twenty-five years in each condition.

Spending the wealth of orphans more than necessity is forbidden. Do not finish their property in haste due to the intimidation that after reaching the marriageable age, the orphan will get back his/her property. The guardian should not spend the wealth of orphan for his personal use. However, if the guardian is poor then he can take some property propitious to his services in the reason for his guardianship.

Whenever, father of any child dies then it is important to hand over the wealth of orphan with its written detail to a guardian before some Muslims. And when the orphan reaches the marriageable age, then according to that written detail his/her wealth should be gotten returned and how much has been spent out of it, its detail should be explained to the orphan.

Moreover, refund of the property/wealth should be in the presence of the witnesses so that if any dispute arises in future, then the witnesses may help in its settlement. Allah Almighty is Protector and Reckoner of every thing, He does not need any witness or account Himself. It has been determined for the ease of the people only.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/YDm2Z3m7uDQ

Women’s right of a dower - Quran Chapter 4- 4 & 5 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-509) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 4 & 5 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-509) - درس قرآن

Women’s right of a dower

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلنِّسَآءَ صَدُقَٰتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن شَىْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيٓـًٔا مَّرِيٓـًٔا 4

 وَلَا تُؤْتُوا۟ ٱلسُّفَهَآءَأَمْوَٰلَكُمُ ٱلَّتِى جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَٰمًا وَٱرْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَٱكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا۟ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا 5

4.  And give unto the women (whom ye marry) free gift of their marriage portions. But if they of their own accord remit unto you a part thereof, then ye are welcome to absorb it (in your wealth). 5.  And give not unto the foolish (what is in) your (keeping of their) wealth, which Allah hath given you to maintain; and feed and clothe them from it, and speak kindly unto them.

4.  Wa  ‘aatun-nisaaa-‘a  sadu-qaati-hinna  nihlah.  Fa-‘in-  tib-na  lakum  ‘an- shay-‘im-minhu  nafsan-fakuluuhu  haniii-‘am-mariii-‘aa. 5.  Wa  laa  tu’-tussufahaaa-‘a  ‘amwaala-kumullatii  ja-‘alAllaahu  lakum  qiyaaa-manw-war-zuquuhum  fiihaa  waksuuhum  wa  quuluu  lahum  qawlam-ma’-ruufaa.

Commentary

Sadu-qaati-hinna – {free gift of women’s marriage portions (who are married recently)}, sadu-qaat is plural of sadaqah which is also used in the meanings of charity, zakaat (alms-giving). Here it has been used for the money or its value incumbent on the husband as a right of the women (whom you marry).

Matrimony and other orders regarding wives have been described in these verses. Allah Almighty commands, Give unto the women (whom you marry) free gift of their marriage portions happily at your own, whether anybody urges you to pay or not. As though, if you do so then there is no objection to marry the orphan girls. Objection is in that case if there is a risk of shortness in paying the money or its value incumbent on the husband or their any right.

If the woman of her own accord remits her husband a part thereof with her own pleasure or returns it whole to him after receiving, then there is no harm, the husband can take it happily and absorb it in his wealth. The wife can remit the entire money incumbent to her husband too.

haniii-‘am-mariii-‘aa – (with pleasure and love), the meal, which seems delicious and a person accepts it with pleasure, that is called haniii-‘an and mariii-‘an is that meal which becomes part of the body and means of health and personal strength after digestion.

It has been directed about the little children; particularly the orphans come first out of them that until they are unintelligent, their wealth should not be handed over to them, which Allah Almighty has provided for the humankind’s arrangements of livelihood. But you should preserve their wealth entirely and save it from misappropriation until those children do not become able to understand the difference between profit and loss, good and bad. However, feed and clothe them from it, and satisfy them by speaking kindly that entire wealth is for them, we are protecting it only as their well-wishers. When you will become sensible, this wealth will be handed over to you.

We should considerate, meditate and obey these orders, which Allah Almighty has given to us about the orphans and women. We should pray for Divine guidance to act upon them. Not only the feeding and the clothing but also speaking kindly and fair talk is included in the goodness.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/VMYgS6NcFg0

Number of marriages - Quran Chapter 4- 3 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-508) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 3 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-508) - درس قرآن

Number of marriages

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا۟ فِى ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُوا۟ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا۟ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْأَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا۟ 3

3.  And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.

3.  Wa  ‘in  khiftum  ‘allaa  tuq-situu  fil-yataamaa  fan-kihuu  maa  taaba  lakum-minan-nisaaa-‘i  masnaa  wa  sulaasa  wa  rubaa’.  Fa-‘in  khiftum  ‘allaa  ta’-diluu  fawaa-hidatan  ‘aw  maa  malakat  ‘aymaanukum.  Zaalika  ‘adnaaa  ‘allaa  ta-‘uu-luu.

Commentary

‘Aymaanun  - (right hands), it is plural of yamiin which means ‘the right hand’. Whenever any person catches anything, he catches it usually with his right hand. Therefore, to disclose complete grip of the hand (possession) upon anything, it is said in Arabic idioms, “His right hand is Master of that thing.” That is to say, “he has complete and strong hold on it, for example slave and maid etc.

In this part of the verse, special attention has been drawn towards the orphans because there is none ordinarily to care for them. They can be victim of tyranny by any cruel person easily. If you marry the orphan girls, that should not be for the purpose of desire, greed and to take possession of wealth, but that should be only for their interest and benefit. And if it is difficult to escape from these uncomely affairs, then let the orphan girls remain in their own circumstances and marry some other woman. And if you wish, you can marry who seem good to you, two or three or four. In this case, you have to be more careful to do justice between them. If you cannot do justice to so many wives then marry one only or the maid (captive) that your right hands possess, sustain upon her only. That is nearer to justice.

It is important to understand particularly two or three matters in connection with this verse:

1. Firstly, if you fear that you will not deal fairly by the orphan girls then do not marry them. However, you can marry even four other women.

2. Secondly, fundamental condition for marrying more than one is that you would have to establish justice between the wives (which is a very much difficult matter to do so as it has been described at another place also in this chapter).

3. Thirdly, if you have fear that you would not be able to do justice and equality between the wives then you should be satisfied with the captive woman only.  

It means that the matrimony more than one is not open and common but that is bound with the condition of justice.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/K2EqJkI30TQ

Property of the Orphans - Quran Chapter 4- 2 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-507) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 2 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-507) - درس قرآن

Property of the Orphans

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰٓ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا۟ ٱلْخَبِيثَ بِٱلطَّيِّبِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوٓا۟ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ إِلَىٰٓ أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ حُوبًاكَبِيرًا 2

2.  And give unto orphans their wealth. Exchange not the good for the bad (in your management thereof) nor absorb their wealth into your own wealth. Lo! that is a great sin.

2.  Wa  ‘aatul-yataamaaa  ‘am-waalahum  wa  laa  tatabadda-lul-khabiisa  bit-tayyib.  Wa  laa  ta’-kuluuu  ‘am-waala-hum  ‘ilaaa  ‘amwaalikum.  ‘Innahuu  kaana  huuban- kabiiraa.

Commentary

Yataamaaa – (orphans) those children, who do not have their parents, particularly father.

Khabiisan – (the bad), that is to say; impure, unreal and unclean.

Huuban – (punishment for a fault distressing), such sin and burden, result of which is; misfortune and disaster.

It is evident from the name of this Chapter “’An-Nisaaa’ ” that the matters regarding the women will be discussed especially along with their rights and duties in it. Therefore, in the primary verses, at first, it has been cleared that the birth of man and woman takes place from the same one body. Consequently, sobriety and God-fearing should be considered as actual standard of excellence, and treat all of them with kindness and kinship.

Now in the second verse, it is being commanded, “Do not seize the wealth of orphans.” Committing so is; just like mixing the impure in to the pure. If any person uses the wealth of orphan unlawfully, as though, he is making his lawful and pure earnings also as unlawful, impure and bad. As any person makes water-filled glass impure by putting a few drops of urine in to it, likewise by taking over (snatching through any means) insignificant and a little wealth of the orphan, he makes unlawful entire earning of his life.

Purpose of revelation of this verse is told so, that there was excessive wealth of a person’s orphan nephew in his care. When his nephew became adult, he demanded his wealth, but his uncle denied to hand him over. At that occasion, this verse was revealed, listening to it the uncle returned his orphan nephew’s wealth and said, “We obey Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessing and peace be upon him)”.  

It has also been described that it does not mean that snatching the wealth other than orphan is lawful and you would not be punished. No! Wealth of others is unlawful for you too, whether he/she is anyone. Saying this sin huuban- kabiiraa (a great sin), the importance of the reality of sin and badness has been cleared, so that nobody may remain in doubt.

At first; treating the relatives with kindness, mercy and kinship was emphasized, then behavior with the orphans was explained and at the end, it has been advised to correct the affairs with the entire children of Adam (peace be upon him). It is the actual Spirit of Islam.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/9buiegbeYuM

Creation of the Mankind - Quran Chapter 4- 1 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-506) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 1 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-506) - درس قرآن

Creation of the Mankind

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ ٱتَّقُوا۟ رَبَّكُمُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَٰحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَآءً وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى تَسَآءَلُونَ بِهِۦوَٱلْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا 1

1.  O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. And be careful of your duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a Watcher over you.

1.  Yaaa-‘ayyuhan-naasut-taquu  Rabbakumullazii  khalaqakum-min-Nafsinw-waahida-tinw-wa  khalaqa  minhaa zaw-jahaa  wa  bassa  minhumaa  ri-jaalan-kasiiranw-wa  nisaaa-‘aa. Watta-qUllaahal-lazii  ta-saaa-‘aluuna  bihii  wal-‘arhaam.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘alay-kum  Raqiibaa.

Commentary

Nafsin – (soul, person, matter), from which, any other thing is created. Here it aims, Prophet Adam (peace be upon him), from the left rib of whom, Eve (peace be on her) was brought out. And from this couple, entire other human beings were born.

Zawjun – (couple, pair), when one thing is completed by mixing up with the other, and without the other, it remains half, then these both things are called “couple” of each other.

‘Arhaamun – this word is plural of rihm or rahm. Rihm means “the womb” and rahm means mercy, kindness, pity and sympathy. That is to say; it aims kindness and kindred (both), however, here it aims “kindred”. Arrangement of loving and treating one’s relatives nicely has come out from the same.   

This verse signifies towards the creation of the first humankind i.e. Adam (peace be upon him), then Eve (his wife) was created from his (peace be upon him) left rib as his mate and from them twain, Allah Almighty has spread abroad a multitude of men and women in the world. It means that the woman is weak a little than the man. Lord Almighty is such God Who nourishes and provides entire necessary things to the human beings. Therefore, it is compulsory for us to bear His orders and Pleasure in our minds in every matter and every time, and we should escape from His displeasure. Even in each mutual matter, every person points towards Allah Almighty for His sake, but there is a dire need to have fear of His displeasure in our hearts and we should not be disobedient of our Lord at any cost.

While the entire humankind are children of one man and one woman (Adam and Eve) (peace be upon them), then they have very deep mutual relationship with one another likewise brothers and sisters of one another. Therefore, everybody should try; not to harm someone else. However, they should help and sympathize mutually. It is important to guide towards good deeds, to save from evils and errors, to help in difficulties, to look after with spirit and wealth at the time of necessity, to keep providing comfort and consolation among ourselves. Close relatives need more attention to be looked after. We should not forget it also that besides our relatives, we have human relation with the entire human beings of the earth. Whenever the time comes, good behavior is incumbent with everyone. ‘Arhaam has been derived from the word (plural of) rahm which means mercy, kindness, loving and treating one’s relatives nicely.   

The children of Adam (peace be upon him) have been addressed in the verse that they should have fear of That Existence (Allah Almighty), Who created them. This order of God-fearing is for the entire humanity. Piety for the disbelievers is that they should embrace Islam, believe in Allah Almighty as only One God, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) as Allah’s last Messenger out of other entire prophets/Messengers (peace be upon them), Qur’an as last Holy Book out of all Scriptures which has never been changed, nor it is possible to be changed by anyone in future.

Piousness for the Muslims is that they should remain steadfast in their belief and do good deeds.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/DDf_yZRITTU

Introduction of Suratun-Nisaaa’ - Quran Chapter 4- Intro (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-505) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- Intro (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-505) - درس قرآن

Introduction of Suratun-Nisaaa’

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

This Chapter of Holy Qur’an, named ‘An-Nisaaa’ (The Women) was revealed in Madinah. There are 176 verses and 24 Sections in this Surah. Mutual relationship between the Man and the Woman has been described particularly in this Surah that which rights and duties they would have to perform for one another, how the relatives must be treated, how the social evils can be removed, which method would be better to live altogether and what are the benefits of living as a unit (one community) with one another?

Being a mankind, men and women, both are equal because soul of both of them is the same. Care especially for the orphans. Do not marry fatherless girls for your own advantage by losing them. You can marry two, three, or four common women at a time on the condition that you should do justice among them and you should not seize the rights of any woman. When you will be able to understand the rights of women correctly, then you will become justice and wise in getting the orphans married yourselves.

After that, law of distributing the inheritance has been explained in detail. Then punishment to the men and women upon their unacceptable deeds has been prescribed. Time and method of penitence has been revealed. Then there is mention about those women; with whom the marriage is unlawful. During the reign of last Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace of Allah Almighty be upon him), there was a class of slaves and bondwomen, the method, how to treat them, has been stated.

Then it is commanded: Do not take forcible possession of others’ property or wealth. However, willingly business is lawful through trade. Do not kill one another. The people are very different from one another in their personal physical strength and knowledge. Friendly relationship can be in such a manner that everybody would understand the limit of his capabilities and do his job remaining in it. There is much open difference between male and female. Therefore, they should never compete with each other. The person, who will work remaining in personal limits, shall get its fruit and will succeed. The relationship among husband and wife cannot be at too much variance after deeming to this extent. If either behavior of the husband is quite correct but the wife begins to molest or opposite to it, then it becomes very necessary somehow to correct the violent. 

Following two important laws have been described in this chapter. Mankind’s betterment, goodness and welfare depend on them: 

• Any person, who has capability of any work, that is to say; he/she can perform any particular work in a very good manner, he/she should be appointed for such work. Likewise, everything should be given to the rightful. It should not be so, that the deserving person remains deprived of any particular thing and the unworthy person takes its possession. It is the key to soundness of the society.

• Obey the commandments of Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) and the person, who is much at home in any particular work, follow him/her in that work and act upon his/her guidance. Find settlement/decision in the Commandments/Sayings (Holy Qur’an and Hadith) of Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him), in case of difference of the opinions. These Commandments/Sayings (Laws) are spirit of the management of the government.  

Afterwards the way of deeds regarding the Hypocrites has been discussed that they do not agree to the decisions of the Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) and have more confidence in other people.

Then people are prevailed to be prepared for the crusade of religion because it is compulsory to save the weak Muslims from the tyranny of cruel disbelievers. The behavior of Hypocrites has also been reproached in it. These people behold nothing but their own benefit/advantage. To kill any Muslim intentionally is a very severe sin and its punishment is wrath of Allah Almighty and Fire of the Hell. If anybody kills a Believer mistakenly, due to error or omission, then expiation should be paid for it.

The prayers during journey and in the condition of fear have been explained that if there is threat of enemy’s assault and the time of prayer has started then how it would be offered.

After that, belief in a plurality of Allah Almighty (polytheism) has been mentioned that it is an unpardonable sin. Remain with the group and use to discuss the matters regarding introduction of good deeds, methods of correction and mutual relationships during reciprocally meetings. Keep correct and good faith in Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him). At the end, remaining principles regarding inheritance have been described.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/6zhd8rQa4EU