Life in retaliation - Quran Chapter 2- 179 (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-209) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 179 (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-209) - درس قرآن

Life in retaliation

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

 وَلَكُمْ فِى ٱلْقِصَاصِ حَيَوٰةٌ يَٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَٰبِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ (179

179.  And there is life for you in retaliation, O men of understanding, that ye may ward off (evil).

179.  Wa  lakum  fil-Qisaasi  Ha-yaatuny-yaaa-‘ulil-‘albaabi  la-‘allakum  tattaquun.

Commentary 

Apparently it seems that punishment to kill the murderer as retaliation of murder is much heavy and strict, and it is thought that due to punishing the killer, another life is destroyed intentionally. But if it is checked deeply for a few minutes about this command’s advisability and philosophy then this reality will be cleared that, with it, another life is not ruined but the life is gotten.

For example; if the punishment of any murder is not fixed a murder as retaliation then resultant, there will be no value of human life. The cruel will slaughter fearless and without hesitation. Because they will know that they will be free after paying some penalty or bearing some imprisonment. Likewise the human life will become much cheaper as it was in the Arab practically during the time of ignorance.

If the punishment of a murder isn’t a murder, every rich person will kill others upon ordinary matters also and by paying the penalty, he could get himself free. But if, according to the Islamic way, the punishment of murder is prescribed as murder, it means that the lives of all human beings are given equal respect. If value of any life is determined as the life of murderer then number of murders will become very less, because they will know that if anyone is killed by them, they won’t be able to get free by paying the penalty. And he will be sentenced for the murder. In these situations the incidents of killing will stop and the people will find themselves safe. Though, if the punishment of murder is not killing, the lives of the people will be destroyed but while the punishment of killing is killing, the lives of people are safe. This is  fil-Qisaasi  Ha-yaatun (there is life in the retaliation).

The Law of murder in retaliation is the law of justice and equality. It is the best guarantor of discipline, truth and moderateness in all aspects of human life, so that, none may tyrannize any other and the rights of weak and strong become equal. When this law will be followed for some times, its soul will grow in the whole nation and the constitutionalism will become important part of life for mutual national peace.

Islam has fixed, apparently, severe punishments for the crimes but looking carefully, in fact, those crimes deserve even more severe punishments. Less punishment will be cause to make the crime minor. Secondly purpose to punish severely is to stop the crimes, not to make the punishment only a funny and enjoyable thing. Nowadays this very is happening that the punished criminals use to commit more crimes. Neither they are corrected, nor do others take it as warning.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/BhkbbJ_9dDE

Retaliation of slaying any other - Quran Chapter 2- 178b (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-208) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 178b (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-208) - درس قرآن

Retaliation of slaying any other

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

   فَمَنْ عُفِىَ لَهُۥ مِنْ أَخِيهِ شَىْءٌ فَٱتِّبَاعٌۢ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَأَدَآءٌ إِلَيْهِ بِإِحْسَٰنٍذَٰلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ فَمَنِ ٱعْتَدَىٰ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ فَلَهُۥ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (178b)

178b.  And for him who is forgiven somewhat by his the (victims heir’s injured) brother, prosecution according to usage and payment unto him in kindness. This is an alleviation and a mercy from your Lord, He who transgresseth after this will have a painful doom.

178b.  Faman ‘ufi-ya  lahuu  min  ‘akhiihi  shay-‘un-  fattibaa-‘um-bil-ma’-ruufi  wa    ‘adaaa-‘un  ‘ilayhi  bi-‘ihsaan.  Zaalika  takhfiifum-mir-Rabbikum  wa  rahmah.  Fama-ni’-tadaa ba’-da zaalika  fala-huu  ’azaabun  ‘aliim.

Commentary

Min  ‘akhiihi – (by his brother) it signifies unto the heir of the murdered. To excite the feeling of love he has been addressed with the word ‘brother’.

‘Ittibaa-‘um-bil-ma’-ruufi – (prosecution according to usage) its purpose is that if the heirs of the murdered forgive the retaliation of the murder, and agree to take the payment of blood then it is the responsibility of the murderer to pay according to usage full reasonable payment with kindness, mercy and righteousness.

We have discussed in the previous lesson that, which principle of the natural equation among the entire human beings has been fixed by God Almighty, that is “murder is in retaliation to the murder”. Now, it is being commanded that the heirs of the murdered can forgive to the killer or they can give up after getting the blood money from the killer or they can lessen also some of the blood money. The killer can be saved from the punishment of ‘to be killed’ in these conditions.

Then, it is commanded that if the heirs of the murdered agree to forgive the murderer and take the blood money, then they should not demand too much heavy amount which would be out of the reach of the killer. They should not narrow him intentionally due to anger or they should not begin to demand the entire blood money after forgiving the payment of blood. Moreover, they should receive proper and reasonable amount according to usage.

After urging the heirs of the murdered, now the killer is being emphasized that he should remit this amount also very elegantly and beautifully. He should not try to prolong purposely, to grow intricacy or displeasure. God Almighty has imposed perfect physical punishment of murder to the killer along with this method of reduction in punishment. Allah Almighty is the Merciful upon the mankind. With His Kindness, He has reduced the punishment but if, even then, any individual opposes or disobeys these laws and steps out of these limitations, then God Almighty will punish him with a painful doom. 

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/ObanIfnH2l4

The law of retaliation - Quran Chapter 2- 178a (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-207) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 178a (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-207) - درس قرآن

The law of retaliation

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

  يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُٱلْقِصَاصُ فِى ٱلْقَتْلَى ٱلْحُرُّ بِٱلْحُرِّ وَٱلْعَبْدُ بِٱلْعَبْدِ وَٱلْأُنثَىٰ بِٱلْأُنثَىٰ (178a)

178a.  O ye who believe! Retaliation is prescribed for you in the matter of the murdered; the freeman for the freeman, and the slave for the slave, and the female for the female.

178a.  Yaaa-‘ayyuhallaziina  ‘aa-  manuu kutiba  ‘alaykumul-Qisaasu  fil-qatlaa.  ‘Al-hurru  bil-hurri  wal-‘abdu  bil-‘abdi  wal-‘unsaa  bil-‘unsaa.

Commentary

Qatlaa – (the murdered person), particularly that individual, who is killed intentionally and purposely by someone.

Qisaasun – (Retaliation) that is to say, for taking the revenge against any crime keeping it in equality/balance. According to the Divine’s Law, technically the murderer will be killed or if anybody has injured to some other person, he will be punished with the wound at the same scale and the same part of the body.

Kutiba  ‘alaykum – (prescribed for you) the literal meaning of the word kutiba is ‘written’. Due to use of the word ‘alaa with it, now it means ‘prescribed’ and ‘obliged to do under regulations’.

During the times of darkness before Islam, it was a custom in the Arabians that if any person from any higher family was killed, they used to kill many persons from the family of murderer. If any slave was killed from the higher family, they used to kill any freeman from the family of killer whether the killer would also be a slave because they considered that the respect of higher family’s slave was equal to the freeman of a lower family; also it was more than that. So instead of killing the slave, any freeman was killed as revenge. Then if any female was killed from the higher family by a female from the lower family, the heirs of the murdered female used to kill any male of that lower family leaving the murderer female. Because they used to think that their female was equal to the male of lower family.

Holy Qur’an finished this racial distinction and difference, and commanded that being humankind, entire people are equal, their lives are alike, whether any individual is rich or poor, noble or mean, scholar or illiterate, young or old, healthy or ailing, male or female. If any female kills any male then only that woman should be killed. Because her life is equal to that male’s life. If any slave is the killer then only he will be killed. If any mean person has murdered then in the retaliation that mean person will be killed only, not any other individual.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/SAGw2JGOaVQ

Stability and patience - Quran Chapter 2- 177e (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-206) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 177e (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-206) - درس قرآن

Stability and patience

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

 و ٱلصَّٰ بِرِينَ فِى ٱلْبَأْسَآءِ وَٱلضَّرَّآءِ وَحِينَ ٱلْبَأْسِ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ صَدَقُوا۟ وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُتَّقُونَ (177  e)

177e.  And the patient in tribulation and adversity and time of stress. Such are they who are sincere. And such are the God-fearing.

177e.  Was-Saabiriina  fil-ba’-saaa-‘i  waz-zarraaa-‘i  wa  hiinal-ba’s.  ‘Ulaaa-‘ikallaziina  sadaquu.  Wa  ‘ulaaa-‘ika  humul-Mutta-quun.

Commentary

Ba’-saaa-‘un – (tribulation), it actually relates to the financial miseries.

‘Az-zarraaa-‘un – ((adversity), it belongs to physical diseases and distresses.

Hiinal-ba’s – (at the time of stress) that is to say, during war in the path of God Almighty.   

Saabiriina – (the patient people, full of patience) those individuals, who may bear pains, inconvenience, etc. without complaining.

Holy Qur’an has guided for interpretation of human manners, morality and courtesy, and commanded that these characteristics should exist in such individual, who has a good moral character. He should fulfill treaty made by him, accomplish his responsibilities with extremely good manner, pay special attention on the Rights of God Almighty and the Rights of the devotees/mankind, and during the time of financial distresses, physical diseases and war against the enemies of God Almighty, should bear with patience, perseverance and firmness.

In the practical life, the human beings have to suffer different types of troubles, distress, pains and difficulties. Unemployment, adversity, economical misery, starvation and poverty, and likewise all other confusions use to tease the human being every day. The problems of the children’s education and bringing up them, the matters of their marriages and so like other difficult necessities vex him and he use to try and think about these matters day and night. Besides this, diseases of various sorts and bodily pains use to besiege him as if, today he is ill himself, tomorrow would be laying his any other member of family on the bed, their treatment, medicines and cure become other causes of his confusion.

Then threat of enemy, fear of waging the war, possibility of destruction, depravity and ruin, risk of bustle and disorder, these all things keep the human being confused.

This verse ends here, in which, the Islamic concept of the righteousness has been explained. The people, who have the correct belief, sacrifice their property, worship their Creator properly and pay the poor-due regularly, fulfill the treaty, and the patient in tribulation and adversity and during the time of stress. Such people are they, who are sincere. And such individuals are true human beings, the Believers and the God-fearing.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/HVTXm0hqQzQ

Keeping the treaty - Quran Chapter 2- 177d (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-205) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 177d (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-205) - درس قرآن

Keeping the treaty

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

عَٰهَدُو l وَٱلْمُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِهِمْ إِذَا

177d.  And those who keep their treaty when they make one,

177d.  Wal-muufuuna  bi-‘ahdihim  ‘izaa   ‘aahaduu,

Commentary

After discussion about the faiths, affairs and worships, now the topic regarding morality, manners and courtesy begins. The most excellent basic characteristic of the human being (to have a good moral character) is that he must fulfill his treaty, promise and agreement completely when he makes it with any other individual, group or nation. It is very necessary to fulfill the treaty for his personal life and for those people, with whom he has any concern.

There are many forms of the treaty, for example; the mankind makes treaty with his Lord Almighty or with the other people. In our daily lives, we have to make a lot of promises and agreements with God Almighty, brethren, relatives and common people. In other words, the treaty means those responsibilities; which we make necessary upon ourselves to be fulfilled strictly. For instance, God Almighty has taken covenant from us that, as He is our Creator and Worshipped, so we shall worship Him only. At the time of trouble/necessity, we shall pray only before Him. We shall believe as He is the One (God) and the Omnipotent. Now it is our responsibility that we should not become the promise-breaker.

Likewise, we have promised with our brethren that we shall try our best to serve and obey the elders, educate and bring up our children, and correct our deeds. We shall help financially our dears and relatives. We have kept agreement with the common people that we shall perceive, help and care the orphan, the needy, the poor, the wayfarer, the beggar, and the compelled and slaves, who are deprived of freedom. Now we should fulfill completely our responsibilities and we should not behave with them carelessly.

Besides this, it is also our responsibility that which task has been given in our charge or where we are serving; we should work honestly in exchange of the salary and wages, which we get from the employer. It appeared that we have made any covenant in our practical life with any individual from the countless human beings; we have lifted a very heavy bale of responsibilities over our heads. It is compulsory to fulfill our all responsibilities and engage ourselves with full honesty and excellent manners.

Today, maximum people have become low in this matter. They do not care for the respect of their treaty in both forms i.e. individually as well as collectively, and do not take the promise as a promise. It has reached the limit that national and countrywide treaties remain also firm till the time to avail against. As soon as, anyone gets power, the entire written treaties are broken.    

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/qE0zOcufTSc

Prayer and Poor-due - Quran Chapter 2- 177c (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-204) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 177c (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-204) - درس قرآن

Prayer and Poor-due

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

وَأَقَامَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَى ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ  (177   c)      

177c.  And observe proper worship and pay the poor-due.

177c.  Wa  ‘aqaamas-Salaata  wa ‘aataz-Zakaah.

Commentary

It has been being mentioned for the last two lessons that real and true soul of the righteousness is not that an individual worships considering any direction sacred and turning his face unto that direction. Moreover the real soul of the righteousness is to correct the beliefs, fair deals, to worship properly, to correct the manners and to do the works, which have been explained in Holy Qur’an, that is to say; the beliefs of the people should be those, for which, Holy Qur’an demands and the individual should behave with other people as the Law of Divine guides.

After the faiths and the financial sacrifice, Holy Qur’an has discussed about the other part, i.e. worshiping properly. From the acts of worship, the greatest worship is physical and financial sacrifice. In the form of physical worship, it is offering the prayer and for the financial worship, it is to pay the poor-due. Many excellence of the prayer have been explained in the Holy Qur’an itself on different places as well as it can also be found in many Sayings of the Messenger of God Almighty (glory, grace, blessings and peace be upon Him).

The Prayer has an important part in the Islamic society. The Prayer stops the human being from the evils and indecency, and keeps away from His disobedience. The Prayer is ascension of the Believer. It strengthens the spiritual, moral and social life of the individual.

.

In the financial worships, paying the poor-due is the most fundamental worship. It is obligation on every well-to-do person that he should pay 2.5% out of his wealth once a year to the needy people in the path of Allah Almighty. This Zakah (the poor-due) prescribed by Holy Qur’an; is so much necessary and useful that if the Muslims pay it regularly; then none from the nation may starve to death. The situation of suicide cannot arise due to poverty and unemployment. Nobody can wander from door to door for begging. Displacement, poverty, helplessness and bad situation will not remain in our society, the entire nation will become strong collectively, peace will increase and the doors will open for development.

Discussion about worshiping properly and paying the poor-due has come in the Holy Qur’an nearly together at every place. If those verses are collected in which the matters and commands regarding prayer and Zakah are discussed then its collective quantity is about more than three hundred. It appears that how much important and great are these both obligations in Islam. Without worshiping properly and paying the poor-due regularly, it is difficult to think about any Islamic society, though the Muslims, who don’t perform this duty, about them, it is thought that they are adulterers and deniers, and out of the circle of Islam.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/5u3hnWbsM9o

No. 2 = Good Affairs - Quran Chapter 2- 177b (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-203) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 2- 177b (Pt-2, Stg-1) (L-203) - درس قرآن

No. 2 = Good Affairs

Surah ‘Al-Baqarah (The Cow) – Chapter – 2)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

  وَءَاتَى ٱلْمَالَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِۦذَوِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينَ وَٱبْنَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَٱلسَّآئِلِينَ وَفِى ٱلرِّقَابِ  (177  b)      

177b.  And give away wealth, for love of Him, to kinsfolk and to orphans and the needy and the wayfarer and to those who ask, and to set slaves free;

177b.  Wa  ‘aatal-maala  ‘alaa  hubbiHii  zawil-qurbaa  wal-yataamaa  wal-ma-saakiina  wabnas-sabiili,was-saaa-‘iliina  wa fir-riqaab.

Commentary

‘Alaa  hubbiHii -  (for love of Him) means for the love of Allah Almighty. It is known from this verse that only spending the money is not required but the purpose should be to spend in the path of God Almighty for the sake of Him. It has been gotten also that, “while an individual has love for the wealth and he needs it too, even then; he spends the money”. From it, we have learnt the excellence of a strong believer also that he has love for money in his heart, his wishes are alive, he wants to spend for himself and his pleasant charming things but he stoops his neck before the commandment of Allah Almighty and by stopping his wishes, he spends for His sake, and sacrifices his personal affection upon the commandment of Allah Almighty.

Zawil-qurbaa (kinsfolk, relatives), there is a great wisdom hidden in supporting the relatives to provide them financial help. The Economic System of the entire Nation has been established on it. Every well-to-do person should look after at first his poor relatives, family members, brothers, sisters, brother’s sons, sister’s sons (nephews and nice) and other relatives.

 Fir-riqaab (to set slaves free), this is plural of Raqabah. Its literal meaning is neck. In usage, it signifies towards the people who aren’t free and are ‘slaves’. From this order, it aims that by compensating to free them; is righteousness.

It was commanded in the first part of this verse that the righteousness is not the name to turn the face for worship only towards any special direction but for becoming the Good, first condition is to correct the beliefs and completion of the faith. Now other part of the righteousness is being discussed as financial sacrifice. It is commanded: It is true that the human being has love for the wealth and property but a good individual is he, who having love for money, spends it upon others for the sake and love of God Almighty. Out of the needy and helpless deserving people, first priority is close relatives, then the orphans, the poor, the wayfarer, the beggar, and the compelled and slaves who are deprived of freedom.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/YIjHV3SuMko