Share of parents in the inheritance - Quran Chapter 4- 11b (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-515) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 11b (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-515) - درس قرآن

Share of parents in the inheritance

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّنِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةً فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُنلَّهُۥ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُ مِنۢ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِى بِهَآ أَوْ دَيْنٍ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْأَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا 11

11b.  And to each of the parents a sixth of the inheritance, if he have a son; and if he have no son and his parents are his heirs, then to his mother appertaineth the third; but if he have brethren, then to his mother appertaineth the sixth, after any legacy he may have bequeathed, or debt (hath been paid). Your parents and your children: Ye know not which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.

11b.  Wa  li-‘aba-wayhi  likulli  waahidim-min-humas-sudusu  mimmaa  taraka  ‘in-kaana  lahuu  walad.  Fa-‘illam  yakullahuu  waladunw-wa  wa-risahuuu  ‘abawaahu  fali- ‘um-mihis-sulus.  Fa-‘in-  kaana  lahuuu  ‘ikh-watun-  fali- ‘ummi-his-sudusu  mim-  ba’-di  wa-siy-yatiny-yuusii  bihaaa  ‘aw  dayn.  ‘Aabaaa-‘ukum,  wa  ‘abnaaa- ‘ukum  laa  tadruna  ‘ayyuhum  ‘aqrabu  lakum  naf-‘aa.  Farii-zatam-minAllaah.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘Aliiman  Hakiimaa.

Commentary

Three forms of inheritance for the father and mother have also been described in this verse:

1.   If the deceased person had children then each of his parents will get sixth portion from the inheritance.

2.   If the dead person had no children and only parents are the heirs, then the mother will get one-third while the father two-third.

3.   If the late person had brothers and sisters more than one, whether they are real or only from the father-side or only from the mother-side, and had no child then the mother will get sixth portion and the remaining wealth will be given to the father. Brother and sister will get nothing. Moreover, if he had only one brother or one sister then mother will get one-third and the two-third will be given to the father.  

It is compulsory that the heirs will be given their portion from the heritage after the payment of late person’s debts and will. Wealth of the deceased person should be used on his shroud and burial first, then his/her debts be paid from it, then out of the remaining portion of the property, up to one third would be used as per the Will of the deceased person. Now, what is remaining, that should be distributed between the heirs.

After that, Allah Almighty commanded that you do not know about the person, which of them is nearer unto you in usefulness. It is an injunction from Allah Almighty, you should not interfere in the fixed portions but the portion that Allah Almighty has fixed, you should abide by them.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/yU_Qw7GDkkI

Ratio of portion –male and female - Quran Chapter 4- 11a (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-514) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 11a (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-514) - درس قرآن

Ratio of portion –male and female

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

يُوصِيكُمُ ٱللَّهُ فِىٓ أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّنِسَآءً فَوْقَ ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَٰحِدَةً فَلَهَا ٱلنِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَٰحِدٍ مِّنْهُمَا ٱلسُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِن كَانَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ فَإِن لَّمْ يَكُنلَّهُۥ وَلَدٌ وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ أَبَوَاهُ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلثُّلُثُ فَإِن كَانَ لَهُۥٓ إِخْوَةٌ فَلِأُمِّهِ ٱلسُّدُسُ مِنۢ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصِى بِهَآ أَوْ دَيْنٍ ءَابَآؤُكُمْ وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ أَيُّهُمْأَقْرَبُ لَكُمْ نَفْعًا فَرِيضَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا 11

11a.  Allah commands you concerning (the provision for) your children: to the male the equivalent of the portion of two females, and if there be only women more than two, then theirs is two-thirds of the inheritance, and if there be one (only) then for her is the half.

11a.  Yuusii-kumUllaahu  fiii  ‘aw-laadikum  lizzakari  mislu  haz-zil-‘unsa-yayn.  Fa-‘in- kunna  nisaaa-‘an  fawqas-natayni  fala-hunna  sulusaa  maa  tarak.  Wa  ‘in-kaanat  waahidatan-  fala-han-nisf.

Commentary

Yuusii-kum – (He commands you), this word has been derived from wasi-yat, which means a last will, legacy, commandment and testament left by any deceased person. However, in this verse Allah Almighty is commanding directly about the proportion of the portions for the men and the women.

Distribution of inheritance is most important maxim of our social life. Even success of the society is connected with its accurate distribution. A common principle about the division of the heritage has been determined here that each male will get double while each female will be given single portion, whether the male and the female are one and one, or any of them is more in number.   

Haz-zil-‘unsa-yayn – (equal to two women), according to certain Divine Laws, the female has no portion from the inheritance. During the period of ignorance also, the heritage was used to divide only in the marriageable men. Against this violence, the voice arose in the present time that the portion from inheritance should be distributed equally between the male and the female.

Islamic Law is among the both in this matter, which has determined the portion double for the male than the female.

Its first reason is that the woman is responsible only to train the children. She is neither responsible, nor would think about the livelihood. The male has been held responsible to provide the expenditures for his wife, children and other members of his family. Therefore, it is exactly reasonable and according to the just, that he should be given more portions from the heritage.

Another reason may be too that the married woman usually gets dowry from her parents (the portion from her father’s earnings) in addition to her husband’s inheritance, but the man receives his share only from one side.

If there are just two girls then their total portion will be two-third and each of them will get one-third. Then whether the girls are how more than the two, their collective portion from the heritage will remain the same i.e. two-third. Remaining one-third share will be given to other kinsfolk and relatives.

If there is only one girl then she will get half portion of total heritage and remaining half portion will be distributed to other relatives. But if the relatives etc are not present then that remaining half will also be given to the girl.

If there is no daughter but only the son (whether one or more than one), then they will be the heirs of the whole legacy.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/IJzDQi7yD-s

Consider the orphan as your own child - Quran Chapter 4- 9 & 10 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-513) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 9 & 10 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-513) - درس قرآن

Consider the orphan as your own child

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَلْيَخْشَ ٱلَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا۟ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعَٰفًا خَافُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلْيَقُولُوا۟ قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا 9

 إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَيَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَٰلَ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِى بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا 10

9.  And let those fear (in their behaviour toward orphans) who if they left behind them weak offspring would be afraid for them. So let them mind their duty to Allah, and speak justly. 10.  Lo! Those who devour the wealth of orphans wrongfully, they do but swallow fire into their bellies. And they will be exposed to burning flame.

9.  Wal-yakh-shallaziina  law  tarakuu  min  khalfihim  zurriy-yatan- zi-‘aafan  khaafuu  ‘alay-him  fal-yattaqullaaha  wal-yaquuluu  qawlan- sadiidaa. 10.  ‘Innallaziina  ya’-kuluuna  ‘amwaalal-yataamaa  zulman  ‘innamaa  ya’-kuluuna  fii  butuu-nihim  Naaraa.  Wa  sa-yas-lawna  sa-‘iiraa.

Commentary

Apparently, it seems that this commandment is for the guardians and the protectors of the orphans but if we observe it minutely then we shall find that it is also applicable upon the other people.

As every person from us fears that anywhere the matter would not be dealt with badness and severely with our children after our death, like this we should refrain from extortion with the orphan children of others. As you wish that after your death, the people must treat your children with kindness and grace, just like this, you should behave the orphans in a good manner, with mercy and kindness. If you will do so, then you will remain satisfied about your own offspring, and verily, other people will treat your children with softness and elegance like your behavior with others’ orphans.

You should fear from Allah Almighty, talk with the orphans in a pleasant mood and straight forward, so that, they may get encourage, they may be capable of being set to right or cured and may be saved from any disaster.

It has been told in the previous verses several times that care is necessary in connection with spending the wealth of the orphans, because embezzling in their property is a very great sin. Now the punishment regarding embezzlement in the wealth of orphans has been caused to hear that the persons, who devour the wealth of orphans wrongfully, they do but swallow fire into their bellies. That is to say, the end of devouring the property of orphans will be exposing them (who devour) to the burning flame very soon.

There is no utmost limit of friendless and helplessness of the orphan. He/she is indigent and seeks support of others. If he/she does not find any trustworthy and kind protector then for him/her, it is not far to be ruined and dissolute. Therefore, Allah Almighty ordered, “Deal honestly and treat kindly with the orphans. The person, who will devour the wealth of this helpless creature wrongfully, will be punished very severely.”

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/-Oyj6m2mONQ

Relief for relatives - Quran Chapter 4- 8 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-512) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 8 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-512) - درس قرآن

Relief for relatives

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِذَا حَضَرَ ٱلْقِسْمَةَ أُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينُ فَٱرْزُقُوهُم مِّنْهُ وَقُولُوا۟لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا 8

8.  And when kinsfolk  and orphans and the needy are present at the division (of the heritage), bestow on them therefrom and speak kindly unto them.

8.  Wa  ‘izaa  hazaral-qismata  ‘ulul-qurbaa   wal-yataamaa  wal-masaakiinu  far-zuquuhum-min-hu  wa  quuluu  lahum  qawlam-ma’-ruufaa.

Commentary

‘Ulul-qurbaa – (kinsfolk), close relatives are called ‘ulul-qurbaa and kinsmen.

Far-zuquuhum – {bestow on them (something)}, it has been originated from the word rizq, which means a grant.

Qawlam-ma’-ruufaa – (kindly speaking, fair talk), well known and pleasing talk is called qawlam-ma’-ruufaa, that is to say; such correct saying, which has gotten a credential of a public assent.

If other people of the same kin are present at the time of division of the inheritance, either those persons out of them who do not merit the share from the heritage or the orphans and the needy, they should be returned after causing to drink and feed something. Even if anything is bestowed on them from the heritage, then it is also a good behavior. However, if there is no opportunity of causing to feed or give such people something from the property of inheritance, for instance, the orphans are owners of such property and the deceased person has not bequeathed to give those people something, then they should be seen off speaking them kindly. That is to say, it should be told them very softly that this property belongs to the orphans only and the deceased person has not even left by will for them. Therefore, we are helpless and sorry.

In the beginning of this Chapter (Surah), it was commanded, “Treat the entire kindred and close relatives very kindly, and show partiality with the orphans and the poor.” Therefore, something should be given to those people, and if they have no right of any share due to any reason, then at least they should be behaved in a well manner.

Islam has caused to draw attention repeatedly towards uniting the hearts in friendship. There is description about kinsfolk and close relatives along with the orphans and the poor in these verses. However, at other places, it has been emphasized about the rights of the guests, the neighbors and the strangers also.

When any person is unable to give something or his circumstances have compelled him to stop his hand, then in this form, it has been commanded that he should adopt the reasonableness in conversation and softness in his talking.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/q05BbRf1edQ

Sharers in that which is left after death - Quran Chapter 4- 7 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-511) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 7 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-511) - درس قرآن

Sharers in that which is left after death

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا 7

7.  Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much. A legal share.

7.  Lir-rijaali  nasiibum-mimmaa  tarakal-waalidaani  wal-‘aqrabuuna,  wa  linnisaaa-‘i  nasiibum-mimmaa  tarakal-waalidaani  wal-‘aqrabuuna  mimmaa  qalla  minhu  ‘aw  ka-sur.  Nasiibam-mafruuzaa.

Commentary

The rights and concessions about orphan children were mentioned in the previous verses. Even that Allah Almighty cleared most petty affairs, which belonged to it, viz. The Mahr (the money or its value incumbent on the husband) of orphan girls should be given without fail, their training and bringing them up should be supervised properly. They should be looked after constantly until they reach the marriageable age. Their property should not be misappropriated. Their wealth should not be finished quickly due to the fear of their adolescence. And when the time of returning the property comes because of their becoming matured, it should be done formal in front of the witnesses.

Before the apostleship of the Messenger of Allah Almighty, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him), it was a tradition that the daughters could not get the share from the inheritance, either they might be little or older, including the sons who might not reach the marriageable age too. Only the elder sons, who were able to fight against their enemies, were considered heirs. It was the main cause that the orphan children were not given any part of share from the inheritance. This verse was revealed about those people. It has been ordered that the sons whether they are adult or little, they will get the share from the hereditary property of parents and near kindred as well as the daughters whether they are adult or little, will also get their share. This verse has finished the traditions of the period of ignorance and safeguarded the rights of orphan children; violation of their rights has been stopped. Detail about fixation of the share of right from the property of a deceased person will be discussed in the next section.

The Heritage Law of Islam is incomparable and has an Exemplary position in the world. Only the sons are considered sharer of the wealth of any deceased person in the maximum countries of the world. No share is given to the daughters. At some places, only elder and adult sons out of the children are imagined rightful heirs and successors.

Islam produced a perfect pattern of justice and equity, fixed the lawful and rightful shares of daughters also like the sons and of the women like other heir men too. The non-Muslims are being necessitated also to accept this Law of Islam in this reign of justice and equation.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/cdor1NTNxBk

Education of the orphans - Quran Chapter 4- 6 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-510) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 6 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-510) - درس قرآن

Education of the orphans

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَٱبْتَلُوا۟ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا بَلَغُوا۟ ٱلنِّكَاحَ فَإِنْ ءَانَسْتُممِّنْهُمْ رُشْدًا فَٱدْفَعُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوهَآ إِسْرَافًا وَبِدَارًا أَن يَكْبَرُوا۟ وَمَن كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَن كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ فَإِذَادَفَعْتُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ فَأَشْهِدُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ حَسِيبًا 6

6.  And test orphans till they reach the marriageable age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow up. And whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in reason (for his guardianship). Then when ye deliver up their property unto orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth as a Reckoner.

6.  Wab-talul-yataamaa  hattaaa  ‘izaa  balagun-nikaah.  Fa-‘in  ‘aanastum-minhum  rushdan-fadfa-‘uuu  ‘ilay-him  ‘amwaala-hum.  Wa  laa  ta’-kuluuhaaa  ‘israafanw-wa  bidaaran  ‘any-yakbaruu.  Wa  man-  kaana  ga-niyyan-  fal-yasta’-fif.  Wa  man-kaana  faqiiran-  fal-ya’kul  bil-ma’-ruuf.  Fa-‘izaa  dafa’-tum  ‘ilay-him  ‘amwaalahum  fa-‘ash-hiduu  ‘alayhim.  Wa  kafaa  billaahi  Hasiibaa.

Commentary

It has been commanded in this verse, “Continue bringing up and educating the orphans, and testing their sense and comprehension at times till they reach the marriageable age; then, if you find them of sound judgment, then deliver up their property and wealth to them. However if you find that they do not have the required intellect even after reaching the marriageable age, then according to the sect of Imam Abu Hanifah, you would have to wait till the age of twenty five years. During this tenure, whenever he/she seems a wise person, then deliver over the wealth and property to them. Otherwise, hand them over their wealth and property after reaching the age of twenty-five years in each condition.

Spending the wealth of orphans more than necessity is forbidden. Do not finish their property in haste due to the intimidation that after reaching the marriageable age, the orphan will get back his/her property. The guardian should not spend the wealth of orphan for his personal use. However, if the guardian is poor then he can take some property propitious to his services in the reason for his guardianship.

Whenever, father of any child dies then it is important to hand over the wealth of orphan with its written detail to a guardian before some Muslims. And when the orphan reaches the marriageable age, then according to that written detail his/her wealth should be gotten returned and how much has been spent out of it, its detail should be explained to the orphan.

Moreover, refund of the property/wealth should be in the presence of the witnesses so that if any dispute arises in future, then the witnesses may help in its settlement. Allah Almighty is Protector and Reckoner of every thing, He does not need any witness or account Himself. It has been determined for the ease of the people only.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/YDm2Z3m7uDQ

Women’s right of a dower - Quran Chapter 4- 4 & 5 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-509) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 4 & 5 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-509) - درس قرآن

Women’s right of a dower

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلنِّسَآءَ صَدُقَٰتِهِنَّ نِحْلَةً فَإِن طِبْنَ لَكُمْ عَن شَىْءٍ مِّنْهُ نَفْسًا فَكُلُوهُ هَنِيٓـًٔا مَّرِيٓـًٔا 4

 وَلَا تُؤْتُوا۟ ٱلسُّفَهَآءَأَمْوَٰلَكُمُ ٱلَّتِى جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ قِيَٰمًا وَٱرْزُقُوهُمْ فِيهَا وَٱكْسُوهُمْ وَقُولُوا۟ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا 5

4.  And give unto the women (whom ye marry) free gift of their marriage portions. But if they of their own accord remit unto you a part thereof, then ye are welcome to absorb it (in your wealth). 5.  And give not unto the foolish (what is in) your (keeping of their) wealth, which Allah hath given you to maintain; and feed and clothe them from it, and speak kindly unto them.

4.  Wa  ‘aatun-nisaaa-‘a  sadu-qaati-hinna  nihlah.  Fa-‘in-  tib-na  lakum  ‘an- shay-‘im-minhu  nafsan-fakuluuhu  haniii-‘am-mariii-‘aa. 5.  Wa  laa  tu’-tussufahaaa-‘a  ‘amwaala-kumullatii  ja-‘alAllaahu  lakum  qiyaaa-manw-war-zuquuhum  fiihaa  waksuuhum  wa  quuluu  lahum  qawlam-ma’-ruufaa.

Commentary

Sadu-qaati-hinna – {free gift of women’s marriage portions (who are married recently)}, sadu-qaat is plural of sadaqah which is also used in the meanings of charity, zakaat (alms-giving). Here it has been used for the money or its value incumbent on the husband as a right of the women (whom you marry).

Matrimony and other orders regarding wives have been described in these verses. Allah Almighty commands, Give unto the women (whom you marry) free gift of their marriage portions happily at your own, whether anybody urges you to pay or not. As though, if you do so then there is no objection to marry the orphan girls. Objection is in that case if there is a risk of shortness in paying the money or its value incumbent on the husband or their any right.

If the woman of her own accord remits her husband a part thereof with her own pleasure or returns it whole to him after receiving, then there is no harm, the husband can take it happily and absorb it in his wealth. The wife can remit the entire money incumbent to her husband too.

haniii-‘am-mariii-‘aa – (with pleasure and love), the meal, which seems delicious and a person accepts it with pleasure, that is called haniii-‘an and mariii-‘an is that meal which becomes part of the body and means of health and personal strength after digestion.

It has been directed about the little children; particularly the orphans come first out of them that until they are unintelligent, their wealth should not be handed over to them, which Allah Almighty has provided for the humankind’s arrangements of livelihood. But you should preserve their wealth entirely and save it from misappropriation until those children do not become able to understand the difference between profit and loss, good and bad. However, feed and clothe them from it, and satisfy them by speaking kindly that entire wealth is for them, we are protecting it only as their well-wishers. When you will become sensible, this wealth will be handed over to you.

We should considerate, meditate and obey these orders, which Allah Almighty has given to us about the orphans and women. We should pray for Divine guidance to act upon them. Not only the feeding and the clothing but also speaking kindly and fair talk is included in the goodness.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/VMYgS6NcFg0

Number of marriages - Quran Chapter 4- 3 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-508) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 3 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-508) - درس قرآن

Number of marriages

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تُقْسِطُوا۟ فِى ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ فَٱنكِحُوا۟ مَا طَابَ لَكُم مِّنَ ٱلنِّسَآءِ مَثْنَىٰ وَثُلَٰثَ وَرُبَٰعَ فَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا۟ فَوَٰحِدَةً أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْأَيْمَٰنُكُمْ ذَٰلِكَ أَدْنَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعُولُوا۟ 3

3.  And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.

3.  Wa  ‘in  khiftum  ‘allaa  tuq-situu  fil-yataamaa  fan-kihuu  maa  taaba  lakum-minan-nisaaa-‘i  masnaa  wa  sulaasa  wa  rubaa’.  Fa-‘in  khiftum  ‘allaa  ta’-diluu  fawaa-hidatan  ‘aw  maa  malakat  ‘aymaanukum.  Zaalika  ‘adnaaa  ‘allaa  ta-‘uu-luu.

Commentary

‘Aymaanun  - (right hands), it is plural of yamiin which means ‘the right hand’. Whenever any person catches anything, he catches it usually with his right hand. Therefore, to disclose complete grip of the hand (possession) upon anything, it is said in Arabic idioms, “His right hand is Master of that thing.” That is to say, “he has complete and strong hold on it, for example slave and maid etc.

In this part of the verse, special attention has been drawn towards the orphans because there is none ordinarily to care for them. They can be victim of tyranny by any cruel person easily. If you marry the orphan girls, that should not be for the purpose of desire, greed and to take possession of wealth, but that should be only for their interest and benefit. And if it is difficult to escape from these uncomely affairs, then let the orphan girls remain in their own circumstances and marry some other woman. And if you wish, you can marry who seem good to you, two or three or four. In this case, you have to be more careful to do justice between them. If you cannot do justice to so many wives then marry one only or the maid (captive) that your right hands possess, sustain upon her only. That is nearer to justice.

It is important to understand particularly two or three matters in connection with this verse:

1. Firstly, if you fear that you will not deal fairly by the orphan girls then do not marry them. However, you can marry even four other women.

2. Secondly, fundamental condition for marrying more than one is that you would have to establish justice between the wives (which is a very much difficult matter to do so as it has been described at another place also in this chapter).

3. Thirdly, if you have fear that you would not be able to do justice and equality between the wives then you should be satisfied with the captive woman only.  

It means that the matrimony more than one is not open and common but that is bound with the condition of justice.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/K2EqJkI30TQ

Property of the Orphans - Quran Chapter 4- 2 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-507) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 2 (Pt-4, Stg-1) (L-507) - درس قرآن

Property of the Orphans

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَءَاتُوا۟ ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰٓ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ وَلَا تَتَبَدَّلُوا۟ ٱلْخَبِيثَ بِٱلطَّيِّبِ وَلَا تَأْكُلُوٓا۟ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ إِلَىٰٓ أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ حُوبًاكَبِيرًا 2

2.  And give unto orphans their wealth. Exchange not the good for the bad (in your management thereof) nor absorb their wealth into your own wealth. Lo! that is a great sin.

2.  Wa  ‘aatul-yataamaaa  ‘am-waalahum  wa  laa  tatabadda-lul-khabiisa  bit-tayyib.  Wa  laa  ta’-kuluuu  ‘am-waala-hum  ‘ilaaa  ‘amwaalikum.  ‘Innahuu  kaana  huuban- kabiiraa.

Commentary

Yataamaaa – (orphans) those children, who do not have their parents, particularly father.

Khabiisan – (the bad), that is to say; impure, unreal and unclean.

Huuban – (punishment for a fault distressing), such sin and burden, result of which is; misfortune and disaster.

It is evident from the name of this Chapter “’An-Nisaaa’ ” that the matters regarding the women will be discussed especially along with their rights and duties in it. Therefore, in the primary verses, at first, it has been cleared that the birth of man and woman takes place from the same one body. Consequently, sobriety and God-fearing should be considered as actual standard of excellence, and treat all of them with kindness and kinship.

Now in the second verse, it is being commanded, “Do not seize the wealth of orphans.” Committing so is; just like mixing the impure in to the pure. If any person uses the wealth of orphan unlawfully, as though, he is making his lawful and pure earnings also as unlawful, impure and bad. As any person makes water-filled glass impure by putting a few drops of urine in to it, likewise by taking over (snatching through any means) insignificant and a little wealth of the orphan, he makes unlawful entire earning of his life.

Purpose of revelation of this verse is told so, that there was excessive wealth of a person’s orphan nephew in his care. When his nephew became adult, he demanded his wealth, but his uncle denied to hand him over. At that occasion, this verse was revealed, listening to it the uncle returned his orphan nephew’s wealth and said, “We obey Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessing and peace be upon him)”.  

It has also been described that it does not mean that snatching the wealth other than orphan is lawful and you would not be punished. No! Wealth of others is unlawful for you too, whether he/she is anyone. Saying this sin huuban- kabiiraa (a great sin), the importance of the reality of sin and badness has been cleared, so that nobody may remain in doubt.

At first; treating the relatives with kindness, mercy and kinship was emphasized, then behavior with the orphans was explained and at the end, it has been advised to correct the affairs with the entire children of Adam (peace be upon him). It is the actual Spirit of Islam.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/9buiegbeYuM