Introduction of contents – Suratul- Maaa-‘idah - Quran Chapter 5- Intro (Pt-6, Stg-2) (L-639) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 5- Intro (Pt-6, Stg-2) (L-639) - درس قرآن    

Introduction of contents – Suratul- Maaa-‘idah

Surah Maaa-‘idah (The Table Spread) – Chapter – 5)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

This Surah “’Al-MAA-’IDAH” was revealed in Madinah with effect from 5 AH to 10 AH in parts. In accordance with the Qur’aanic Order, it is fifth chapter in the beginning of 2^ndStage (Manzil) out of seven Stages (Manaazil) of Holy Qur’an. First Stage (Manzil) ended on Suratun-NIsaaa’. In Arabic, ’Al-Maaa-‘idah means: “The Table Spread”. The companions of Prophet Jesus (peace be upon Him) requested Him that such a tray of edible food should land on them from the heaven. That event has been described in this chapter. Therefore it was named “The Table Spread” (’Al-Maaa-‘idah).

After its completion, no other complete Surah was revealed. Therefore it is called also “the last Surah of the Holy Qur’an”. One verse of this Surah was revealed in “the Field of ‘Arafaat” at the time of “The Last Pilgrimage” (named Hajjatul-Widaa’) of the Last Messenger of Allah Almighty, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him). In that verse, the Muslims were informed: “’Al-Yawma  ‘ak-maltu  lakum  Diina-kum  wa  ‘at-mamtu  ‘alaykum  ni’-maTii  wa  Raziitu  lakumul- ‘ISLAAMA  Diinaa” (This Day have I Perfected your Religion for you and completed My Favour unto you, and Have chosen for you as Religion AL-ISLAM). Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) saw during His life that those Arabs, who rose to oppose Him (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) with full force, they entire embraced Islam {which has been mentioned in Surah ‘An-NASR (SUCCOUR) - 110}.  

There is a special message of this Chapter for the Muslims” “Fulfill your religious duty punctually, regularly and carefully, and show your performance practically according to the Kalimah “Laaa ‘ilaaha  ‘illAllaahu, Muhammadur-RasuulUllaah” {None is worthy of worship but God, Muhammad is Messenger of Allah (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him)}, which you have recited heartily and admitted”.  

Some things have been forbidden from taking in this Chapter for the Muslims, limit of friendly relationship with the People of the Scripture has been set up, the principles of ablution and purity have been described, importance of internal chastity has been signified along with external purity, success of both worlds (i.e. this world and the Hereafter – the Day of Resurrection) has been fixed upon performing the religious duties, different types of behaviors from the Jews and the Christians have been mentioned and guided to save themselves from them, the Jews have been advised, “You molested Messenger Moses (peace be upon Him) and disobeyed Him. Now you are given another chance. This Last Messenger Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) has brought unto you very useful commandments. Believe in Him and refrain from oppressing Him” (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him). Example of two sons of Adam (peace be upon Him) has been illustrated to stop the Jews from outbreak and killing unlawfully.  

Two rules of the Jews have been mentioned, which were determined to prevent them from committing the wicked deeds, and the Muslims have been urged that the Jews did not act upon their religion, but the Muslims should carry the commands of their religion perfectly into effect. Then evasions of the Jews and off to fulfill their religious duties, have been described in detail.

Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) commanded: It is your duty to convey the Qur’aanic Message to the entire human beings. Do not ponder about it that, whether the people believe or otherwise. The Muslims have been instructed to remain away from wine and gambling. They have been told to abstain from use of some things, when they are in ‘Ihram.

After that, they have been instructed that they should give up old, bad fashions. Some facts relating to Messenger Jesus (peace be upon Him) have been explained at the end of Surah.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Pak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/RDVs4sUc61A

Review - fourth Chapter of Qur’an - Quran Chapter 4 -176 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-638) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- Review (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-638) - درس قرآن

Review - fourth Chapter of Qur’an

Suratun-Nisaaa’  (The Women) – Chapter – 4)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

Lessons of Suratun-Nisaaa’ ended on previous lesson. Let’s review it briefly, so that its subjects may be revised in mind.

In this Chapter, maximum topics are regarding the rights of the women, good behavior with orphans, unsuitable deeds of the hypocrites, and rules for distribution of hereditary. False faiths of the Jews and the Christians have been explained and it has been guided “How to correct them”. Why are these matters in this Surah? For understanding, following is compulsory to be known.  

This Surah was revealed in the last part of 4^th year of Hijrah {fourth year of coming of the Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) in Madinah}. Before its inspiration, during 2^nd year of Hijrah, the famous Battle of Badr was fought, in which Muslims obtained a full victory over the Infidels. In 3^rd year of Hijrah, the people of Makkah assaulted over Madinah again, and the Muslims came out of Madinah and assembled at the place of Uhud for fighting. Both parties fought bravely. At first, the Muslims succeeded. After that, due to mistake of some people, their victory was changed into defeat. Many Muslims were martyred. Their children became orphans. Mention of this Battle has passed in Surah ‘Aali-‘Imraan before it.  

In the Battle of Uhud, the Hypocrites troubled very much. Before beginning of the Battle, they had been separate along with their people. Even then the Muslims obtained victory. But due to a little error, they faced defeat. Some Muslims were killed. The reason of this entire loss was that some people interfered with their opinion and they did not obey the command of God’s Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him).

When some period passed, the Muslims returned to their good health and spirit, then this Chapter was revealed. In it, they were instructed - to save lives and wealth of those children who became fatherless in the Battle, to care the rights of the women that they should not be treated unjustly. The rule for distributing the hereditary of those people who had died, were explained.

Due to behavior of the Hypocrites, they suffered abundant loss. Their conspiracies and plans were disclosed and the Muslims were instructed that they should be careful from them.

Due to defeat of Muslims in the Battle, the Jews were very happy and they began to oppress the Muslims. They broke mutual covenants and treaties, and became so much arrogant that they began to say that the way of the Infidels of Mecca is better than Islam. In this Surah, vice of villainies of the Jews and the Christians has been described to them, and it has been commanded to the Muslims that they should be careful and vigilant from them. False beliefs of the Jews and the Christians have been corrected. At the end, after describing about reward of Belief and good works, solution of remaining problems in respect of the estate and property of the deceased person has been explained.               

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Pak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/fZjstEIJYSo

Remaining commands about the heritage - Quran Chapter 4 -176 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-637) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 176 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-637) - درس قرآن

Remaining commands about the heritage

Suratun-Nisaaa’  (The Women) – Chapter – 4)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

 يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِٱللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى ٱلْكَلَٰلَةِ إِنِ ٱمْرُؤٌا۟ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُۥٓ أُخْتٌ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌ فَإِن كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِفَلَهُمَا ٱلثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانُوٓا۟ إِخْوَةً رِّجَالًا وَنِسَآءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا۟ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۢ(176

176.  They ask thee for a pronouncement. Say! Allah hath pronounced for you concerning distant kindred. If a man die childless and he have a sister, hers is half the heritage, and he would have inherited from her had she died childless. And if there be two sisters, then theirs are two-thirds of the heritage, and if they be brethren, men and women, unto the male is the equivalent of the share of two females. Allah  expoundeth unto you, so that ye err not. And Allah is Knower of all things.

176.  Yastaftuunak,  QuLIllaahu  yuf-tiikum  fil-Kalaalah.  ‘Inimru-‘un  halaka  lay-sa  lahuu  wa-ladunw-wa  lahuuu  ‘ukh-tun  falahaa  nisfu  maa  tarak.  Wa  huwa  yarisu-haaa  ‘illam  yakul-lahaa  walad.  Fa-‘in  kaanasna-tayni  fala-humas-sulusaani  mimmaa  tarak.  Wa  ‘in  kaanuuu  ‘ikh-watar-rijaa-lanw-wa  nisaaa-‘an  faliz-zakari  mislu  hazzil-‘un-sa-yayn.  Yubayyi-nUllaahu  lakum  ‘an- tazilluu.  Wallaahu  bi-kulli  shay-‘in  ’Aliim.

    Commentary

Kalaalah – (infirm and feeble), here this verse signifies towards a person, who has only brothers and sisters, and does not have either father or children.

 Tazilluu – (you err), this word has been derived from the word zalaalat, which means ‘error’, but there is such a situation in this composition that the people, who know Arabic language, understand the word “no” or “not” with it. Therefore it means “Do not err” or “You err not”.

It has been replied in this verse about the question, “If any dead person had only own or step brothers and sisters, and had not either father or son, then what portion of hereditary would they get”? Brothers and sisters are of three types. Own brothers and sisters, those, who have same father and mother, are called ‘ainii. Step-brothers and sisters, who are brothers and sisters from the side of father only, they are called ‘alaatii and the Brothers or sisters by the same mother but by a different father are called ‘akhyaafii. For further detail about Kalaalah please review Lesson # 517 Verse 12b of this chapter.

Allah Almighty expounds that if there is no heir of the dead person, other than brother and sister, then the hereditary will be given to them as explained:

1.    If the heir is only one sister, she will be given half from the entire hereditary of her dead brother’s wealth. That is to say; if the dead person does not have father or son, then portion from the hereditary of her brother for her is equal to a daughter.

2.    If the sister has died and the heir is only a brother, he will be given entire wealth of his sister.

3.    If the dead brother left two or more sisters living behind, they all will get two-thirds of the total hereditary.

4.    If the heirs are many mixed brothers and sisters, then entire wealth will be distributed in to them with the ratio that each male will be given double from each female.

Allah Almighty pronounces these points so that you may be saved from error and be not confused at the time of distress.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Pak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/ygPw6vsS1Eo

A Clear Proof from Allah - Quran Chapter 4 -174 & 175 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-636) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 174 & 175 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-636) - درس قرآن

A Clear Proof from Allah

Suratun-Nisaaa’  (The Women) – Chapter – 4)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ قَدْ جَآءَكُم بُرْهَٰنٌ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَأَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكُمْ نُورًا مُّبِينًا (174

فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱعْتَصَمُوا۟ بِهِۦ فَسَيُدْخِلُهُمْ فِى رَحْمَةٍ مِّنْهُ وَفَضْلٍ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ صِرَٰطًا مُّسْتَقِيمًا (175

174.  O mankind! Surely hath a proof from your Lord come unto you, and We have sent down unto you a clear light.  175.  As for those who believe in Allah, and hold fast unto Him, then He will cause to enter into His mercy and grace, and will guide them unto Him by a Straight Path.

174.  Yaaa-‘ayyu-hannaasu  qad  jaaa-‘akum  Bur-haanum-mir-Rabbikum  wa  ‘anzal-Naaa  ‘ilay-kum  Nuuram-mubiinaa. 175.  Fa  ‘ammal-laziina  ‘aamanuu  Billaahi  wa’-tasamuu  biHii  fasa-yud-khiluhum  fii  Rah-matim-minHu  wa  Fazlinw-wa  yah-diihim-  ‘ilayhi  Siraatam-Musta- qiimaa.

    Commentary

Bur-haanun – (a proof, a document, a certificate), such a final token and true proof (here it signifies towards; Holy Qur’aan), after which no doubt remains more and acting upon which becomes compulsory.

Nuuram-mubiinun – (a clear light), it aims the Light of Holy Qur’aan, the Word of Allah Almighty. 

’A’-tasamuu – (Hold it fast), its origin is ‘A’-tasaam, which has been derived from ‘asmat, which means ‘rescue, defense’. ‘A’-tasaam means ‘to hold someone or something fast’, as any drowning person catches anything strongly to save himself.

Different forms of Inspiration and about their truth have been mentioned in the first verse. After that, it has been described that the Last Messenger (Muhammad) (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) has come unto you with Original and True Word of God. It is good for you, if you believe in Him {(Muhammad) (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him)}.

You would harm nothing of Allah Almighty, if you would not believe. However you will harm yourselves in case of disbelief. An important thing has been told by addressing the entire human beings, “Yaaa-‘ayyu-hannaasu  qad  jaaa-‘akum  Bur-haanum-mir-Rabbikum  wa  ‘anzalNaaa  ‘ilay-kum  Nuuram-mubiinaa” (O mankind! Surely, We have sent down unto you a clear light (a Book of Instructions i.e. Holy Qur’aan), which has a proof from your Lord, which has no doubt, anxiety or hesitation in itself. That is a bright, open and splendid illumination and inspiration, in which good and bad can be seen clearly and separately. Those people see the Truth in its Light very clearly, whose eyes are powerful and eyesight is correct. They adopt the reality immediately after understanding. On the contrary, those people, who are unable to understand the Truth, either their vision is spoiled or they have any defect in their eyes.

The good and dutiful people, who have become of only One God (Allah Almighty) and do not trust in any other except Him, and hold the Holy Qur’aan fast, He will cause to enter such people into His mercy and grace, His Bounty will surround them from each side, and He will guide them unto a Straight Path.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Pak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif).  https://youtu.be/uw9q2RvWNjw

Retribution of Belief and good deeds - Quran Chapter 4 -173 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-635) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 173 (Pt-6, Stg-1) (L-635) - درس قرآن

Retribution of Belief and good deeds

Suratun-Nisaaa’  (The Women) – Chapter – 4)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast.)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful.)

فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْأُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦ وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَنكَفُوا۟ وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَانَصِيرًا (173

173.  Then, as for those who believed and did good works, unto them will He pay their rewards in full, adding unto them of His Bounty; and as for those who were scornful and proud, them will He punish with a painful doom; and they will not find for them, against Allah, any protecting friend or helper.

173.  Fa-‘ammal-laziina  ‘aamanuu  wa  ‘amilus-saali-haati  fa-yu-waffiihim  ‘ujuurahum  wa  yazii- duhum-min  fazliH.  Wa  ‘ammal-laziinas-tankafuu  was-takbaruu  fayu-‘azzi-buhum  ‘azaaban  ‘aliimaa.  Wa  laa  yaji-duuna  lahum-min-duuNillaahi  waliy-yanw-wa  laa  nasiiraa.

    Commentary

Fa-yu-waffiihim – (will pay them in full), origin of this word is ‘waf-yun’ and which has been derived from “’iifaa”, and the word wafaa is also from it. It means “to pay in full, to return in original”.

‘Ajrun – (Reward, retaliation), in Arabic language, usually this word is used for both purposes i.e. as good and bad retaliation. However, here it has come in the meanings of ‘good retaliation’ (reward).

‘As-takbaruu – (were proud), this word has come out from kabara, ‘istakbaar. Takabbar is used for self-praise, showing superiority and ostentation. That is to say; to consider and disclose oneself more than actually one is.

  

Waliy-yun - (protecting friend), walaa-yat and tawallii are also from the same origin. Its plural is ‘Awli-yaaa’, which means ‘friends, companions’.  

                                               

After describing about religious false tenets of the People of the Scripture and from them particularly the Jews, now it is being commanded that worthy of rewards are only those people, whose belief and deeds are correct. As though, for the chaste and pure life, purity of thoughts and for the right fancies, soundness of the deeds are inseparable for each other.

These undefiled, sincere and internally innocent slaves of Allah Almighty, who are called Believers, are entitled to get rewards in full and more Bounties from their Lord Almighty. But those persons, who feel scorn from these beauties and show superiority (who are proud), they will be entangled in a very painful doom. There will be neither any protecting friend, nor helper and nor any companion for them.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Pak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/w_-9L_9ZUX8