Against whom the Muslims should fight - Quran Chapter 9 – 13 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1149) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 9 – 13 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1149) - درس قرآن

Against whom the Muslims should fight

Chapter Tawbah (Repentance) – Surah – 9)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

أَلَا تُقَٰتِلُونَ قَوْمًا نَّكَثُوٓا۟ أَيْمَٰنَهُمْ وَهَمُّوا۟ بِإِخْرَاجِ ٱلرَّسُولِوَهُم بَدَءُوكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ أَتَخْشَوْنَهُمْ فَٱللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَوْهُ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ 13    

13.  Will ye not fight a folk who broke their solemn pledges, and purposed to drive out the Messenger and did attack you first? What! Fear ye them? Now Allah hath more right that ye should fear Him, if ye are believers.

13.  ‘A-laa  tuqaa-tiluuna  qaw-man-nakasuuu  ‘ay-maanahum  wa  hammuu  bi-‘ikhraajir-Rasuuli  wa hum  bada-‘uukum  ‘awwala  marrah.  ‘A-takh-shaw-nahum.  FAllaahu  ‘a-haqqu  ‘an-takh-shawhu  ‘in-  kuntum-  Mu’-miniin.

Commentary

In this verse, following matters have been explained very clearly:

·         Why should a Muslim fight?

·         From whom he should fear?

·         Which Established Order should be adopted for fighting in future?

By considering thoughtfully upon this verse, one will understand the matter of fighting and slaying in Islam clearly, and it will also be known that “in which circumstances, so much strict orders were given, and how these commands will be continued in future”?

It is commanded that “to fight them and crackdown on them became necessary for you due to the reason that they made articles of agreement with you and then broke. They pursued to expatriate the Messenger of God Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) from His native land. They began to molest and trouble Him (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him). Besides this, they were also the first who began fighting.

You should never fear them. You have believed in Allah Almighty. Now you should fear Him only; and never be over-awed of them. A mankind bows before him naturally who is powerful than him, but those people who do not accept powerful any other save Allah Almighty, obviously they will never bow before someone else save God Almighty. These are the meanings of Belief that there is no fear of any other than Allah Almighty; and no hope from any other save Him.

This verse clearly shows that the Muslims have been commanded to fight such people who are neither ready to give right of living independently to any other than themselves like the idolaters of Makkah; and nor they accept anyone equal to them. They do not let him live in peace who speaks the truth, even that he is compelled to leave his country and settle in any other.

A treaty of alliance, reconciliation and peace, on which the life of the world depends, are valueless for such people. They made a solemn pledge yesterday and broke it today. The reason of their breaking the treaty is that they see their seasonal benefit, whether; other people are entangled in destruction, they do not care. They begin fighting first and provoke others unnecessarily. Those people are enemies of the humanity. The Muslims should be prepared every time for fighting against such people.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/SXRRTMoe-CA

Fight them who break the Treaty - Quran Chapter 9 – 12 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1148) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 9 – 12 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1148) - درس قرآن

Fight them who break the Treaty

Chapter Tawbah (Repentance) – Surah – 9)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِن نَّكَثُوٓا۟ أَيْمَٰنَهُم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ عَهْدِهِمْ وَطَعَنُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ فَقَٰتِلُوٓا۟ أَئِمَّةَ ٱلْكُفْرِإِنَّهُمْ لَآ أَيْمَٰنَ لَهُمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَنتَهُونَ 12  

12.  And if they break their pledges after their treaty (hath been made with you) and assail your religion, then fight the heads of disbelief – lo! They have no binding oaths – in order that they may desist.

12.  Wa  ‘in-nakasuuu  ‘ay-maanahum-mim-ba’-di  ‘ah-dihim  wa  ta-‘anuu  fii  Diinikum  faqaa-tiluuu  ‘a-‘immatal-kufri,  ‘inna-hum  laaa  ‘ay-maana  lahum  la-‘allahum  yan-tahuun.

Commentary

Nakasuuu – (they break), this word has been derived from nakasun. Nakasun means “breaking anything after making, to break one’s treaty, word or promise”.  

Ta-‘anuu – (they assail), it is from ta’-nun. Ta’-nun means “to thrust any sharp edged tool like a lance etc. Here it aims “to abuse, to reproach, to find fault, to state vices face to face and vex potentially.

‘A-‘immatun – (the heads, leaders), this word is plural of ‘Imaam. ‘Imaam is that individual who leads other people in any matter or the people have chosen him as their leader. ‘Imaam may be for good works as well as for evil deeds. Here it aims “the leaders of bad works, who are usually called chiefs, ringleaders or heads”.

‘Ay-maanun – (the binding oaths), this word is plural of yamiin, which means “the oath”. Here it aims “articles of mutual agreement, a treaty of alliance” which is made strongly.

Before this verse, it was proclaimed that the Muslims have no treaty in future with the idolaters of Makkah and its environs. They were given deadline for four months. After that period, no idolater was allowed to live in the Peninsula of Arab. Its main reason was that the Muslims had observed well by trying them repeatedly and were tired of being patient due to their molesting behavior. Actually, those people did not desire to dwell mutually. Even then, that treaty was to be fulfilled, which was made with some of them, on the condition that they should not do against the treaty. Those circumstances have been mentioned in this verse.  

It is commanded that those people who have promised earlier, if they break their treaty and assail your religion, then they are heads of the infidels. You should fight them because “An oak is not felled with one stroke”. These people are treacherous and dishonest. Breaking the treaty is considered by them as “No matter”. However, if you punish them severely, then haply; they refrain from wickedness.

It should be remembered that these instructions are being delivered against those people who are obstinate and want to win over others in conversation whether they are at wrong, and for this purpose they become ready to kill or die. The aim from idolaters and infidels is such people who were as the people of Makkah before spreading Islam. Those people are not included into them who are pure from treachery and mischief, and desire to dwell together.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/LaT-Lsx1Gbk

They don’t know living collectively - Quran Chapter 9 – 10 & 11 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1147) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 9 – 10 & 11 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1147) - درس قرآن

They don’t know living collectively

Chapter Tawbah (Repentance) – Surah – 9)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

   لَا يَرْقُبُونَ فِى مُؤْمِنٍ إِلًّا وَلَا ذِمَّةً وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ هُمُٱلْمُعْتَدُونَ 10

 فَإِن تَابُوا۟ وَأَقَامُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَوُا۟ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ فَإِخْوَٰنُكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَنُفَصِّلُ ٱلْءَايَٰتِلِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ 11  

10.  And they neither regard the ties of kinship nor any pact in respect of a believer. And these are they who are transgressors. 11.  But if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then are they your brethren in religion. And We detail Our Revelations for a people who have knowledge.

10.  Laa  yarqu-buuna  fii  Mu’-minin  ‘illanw-wa  laa  zimmah.  Wa  ‘ulaaa-‘ika  humul-mu’-ta-duun. 11.  Fa-‘in  taabuu  wa  ‘aqaa-mus-Salaata  wa  ‘aata-wuz-Zakaata  fa-‘ikh-waanukum  fid-Diin.  Wa  Nufassilul-‘Aayaati  li-qawminy-ya’-lamuun.

Commentary

Laa  yarqu-buuna – (they do not regard), the origin of this word is raqaba. From it, the words raqaabat and raquub have been derived which mean – to protect, to look after, to regard, to show favor or partiality. The word Muraaqbah has come out from the same also, which is a famous word and which means “Focusing on a particular object, Divine contemplation, watch, meditation, observation, and fear of God”.  

‘Al-mu’-ta-duun – (the transgressors), it is the subject from the word ‘a’-tadaa’, which has been derived from ‘adawun. ‘Adawun means “to run fast”. ‘A’-tadaa’ means “to cross the appropriate limit, to rebel, to transgress, to violate”.

It has been explained here that they have enmity against the Belief. If they hear that so and so has believed in the Messenger of God Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him), at the same time they become his deadly foe. Neither they see that he is their kinsman, they used to live together as close relatives since long, and nor they regard that he is from the tribe, with which they have a pact of peace; that they will not fight against one another, although he is a Muslim.

These people have been transgressing openly. The first condition of dwelling mutually with peace is that there must be no hostility in the world, and those rules, principles and limits which have been prescribed to treat one another, should not be broken and crossed. Certainly, prescribed limit of human conduct is that till someone does not damage the public peace of the world, he can choose the way of life whichever he desires for himself.

In other words, you can say: As long there is no fear of corruption and transgression, every individual is responsible of own deeds and have liberty of actions i.e. he can perform as he wills. But if either there is any fear of happening interruption in the public safety OR anyone is behaved with injustice, then the transgressor will be prevented from transgression with force.

It is commanded that the person who desires to live in the Peninsula of Arab in future, he should have to fulfill following two terms:

1.    Establish worship, offer prayer regularly according to prescribed method.

2.    For the help of poor, needy and indigent people, he should pay a prescribed portion of his wealth to the Government (@ 2-1/2% - Poor-due).

Those people who accept these terms, they are your brethren, because they have proved by choosing your way of life that they are your companions in the religion. God Almighty says: And We detail Our Revelations for a people who have knowledge. (These clear Commands are for those people who understand).

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/t7jhY1PduKQ

How can there be any treaty? - Quran Chapter 9 – 8 & 9 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1146) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 9 – 8 & 9 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1146) - درس قرآن

How can there be any treaty?

Chapter Tawbah (Repentance) – Surah – 9)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

كَيْفَ وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا۟ فِيكُمْ إِلًّا وَلَاذِمَّةً يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ 8

 ٱشْتَرَوْا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًافَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِيلِهِۦٓ إِنَّهُمْ سَآءَ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ 9

8.  How (can there be any treaty for the others) when, if they have the upper hand of you, they regard neither ties of kinship nor any pact in respect of you? They satisfy you with their mouths, while their hearts refuse. And most of them are wrongdoers. 9.  They have purchased with the Revelations of Allah a little gain, so they debar (men) from His Way. Lo! Evil is that which they are wont to do.

8.  Kayfa  wa  ‘iny-yaz-haruu  ‘alay-kum  laa  yar-qubuu  fii-kum  ‘illanw-wa  laa  zimmah.  Yurzuu-nakum-  bi-‘afwaa-hi-him-  wa  ta’-baa  quluu-buhum.  Wa  ‘aksaruhum  faasiquun. 9.  ‘Ish-taraw  bi-‘Aayaa-tIllaahi  samanan-  qaliilan-  fasadduu  ‘an-SabiiliH.  ‘Inna-hum  saaa-‘a  maa  kaanuu  ya’-maluun.

Commentary

‘Iny-yaz-haruu – (if they have the upper hand of you), the origin of this word is zaharun. Zaharun means “to prevail over someone”. This word is used also for the back, the loins, the back part, so, for the word “overcoming” this meaning is suitable too, because sitting on the back of an animal means “to get an opportunity over it, to get the upper hand”.

‘Illan – (this Arabic word is used for nearness, relationship, kinship, affinity, connection, kindred, friendship, articles of agreement etc.)

It is commanded that there is no form of a treaty of alliance with these idolaters. Until they are under influence, they make articles of agreement apparently. But when and where they prevail over you a little, then they regard neither the ties of kinship, nor friendship and nor consider it necessary to abide by the terms of treaty; which they made with you. They try their best to molest you without leaving any stone unturned.

Their hearty enmity blooms and they grip up their loins for causing trouble by all means. That enmity, malice and hatred has been filled in their hearts against you which they had from the first day, and cause of which is not any other than it that they wish to drive you only according to their way. And they cannot bear it that you choose any new Way of life, whether that is the best in accordance with the human sense.

Stubbornness has taken place in their hearts, so they cannot agree to live together with you mutually. In addition, maximum of them are those people for whom there is no resistance to prevent them from the evil deeds. Their nature is bad. Ethical standards do not exist into them. They are unable to distinguish among the good and the bad. They have ruined their conscience and promoted immorality fearless.

They have sacrificed those Revelations on their temporary worldly benefits, which have come from God Almighty for the guidance of human being, and their main object is no other save it that they should prevent the people from God’s prescribed Way. They have been persisted in their own words. But the fact is that they have been committing bad whatever they are doing; and their retribution (punishment) will be according to their wicked deeds.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/VWpPHRkVaEo

There is no form of any treaty - Quran Chapter 9 – 7 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1145) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 9 – 7 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1145) - درس قرآن

There is no form of any treaty

Chapter Tawbah (Repentance) – Surah – 9)

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim. 
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

كَيْفَ يَكُونُ لِلْمُشْرِكِينَعَهْدٌ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ وَعِندَ رَسُولِهِۦٓ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ عَٰهَدتُّمْ عِندَ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ فَمَا ٱسْتَقَٰمُوا۟ لَكُمْفَٱسْتَقِيمُوا۟ لَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ 7

7.  How can there be a treaty with Allah and with His Messenger for the idolaters save those with whom ye made a treaty at the Inviolable Place of Worship? So long as they are true to you, be true to them. Lo! Allah loveth those who keep their duty.

7.  Kayfa  yakuunu  lil-mush-rikiina  ‘ahdun  ‘indAllaahi  wa  ‘inda  RasuuliHiii  ‘illal-laziina  ‘aa-hattum  ‘indal-Masjidil-Haraam.  Fa-mas-taqaamuu  lakum  fastaqiimuu  lahum.  ‘InnAllaaha  yuhibbul-Muttaqiin.

Commentary

Mas-taqaamuu – (So long as they are true), ‘is-taqaamuu is past tense, origin of which is ‘istaqaamatun. From it, many words have come out; like – qawm, maqaam, qiaam, aqaamat, mustaqiim, qiaamat etc. ‘Istaqaamat means “straight”. The word Mustaqiim has been derived from it, as it has come in Holy Qur’an Siraatal Mustaqiim (the Straight Path). Next to it; the word fastaqiimuu has been used; which is a word of command, and which means “Be true or straight”.

In the beginning of first Section, which was beginning of this Surah (Chapter) too, a word “Baraaa-‘ah” was used, aim from which was that God Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) are neither responsible to abide by any treaty with the idolaters of Arab in future and nor will they make any new treaty with them. The second Section of this Surah begins from this verse, in which; the reason about the matter has been described that “why can any treaty not be made with them?”

It is commanded that there is no form of “treaty of alliance” by Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) with the idolaters. However, those people, with whom you have made a treaty during “Peace Treaty of Hudaybiah” near “the Inviolable Place of Worship” (Masjidil-Haraam) (not to fight) for ten years, that Treaty will be fulfilled till the completion of the term, on the condition that they do not disobey the treaty which they have made with you and abide by the terms of the treaty. So long as they care for the terms of the peace treaty and remain true to you, you should abide by the terms also, be true to them and treat them straight forward as they treat you.

It was explained previously that Qureish (the idolaters) of Makkah broke the treaty and supported the tribe of Banu Bakr, who attacked over the tribe of Banu Khuza-‘ah, which was ally of Muslims, against the treaty. Therefore, resultant, the Muslims attacked over Makkah and conquered it.

In 9^th AH during the occasion of Hajj-il-Akbar (The Greater Pilgrimage), it was proclaimed that in future, the Muslims will not be bound of any treaty. Postponement is only for four months. After that, the idolaters cannot dwell in the Peninsula of Arab. There were some such tribes at the time of announcement, which were included in the Treaty of Hudaybiah. Nine months had remained in completion of the Term of the Treaty. They abode by the terms, so they were not troubled till completion of the terms of treaty.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/a0a_KKZ_6H4