God’s remembrance besides prayer - Quran Chapter 4-103 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-591) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 103 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-591) - درس قرآن

God’s remembrance besides prayer

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

 فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ قِيَٰمًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِكُمْ فَإِذَا ٱطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَٰبًامَّوْقُوتًا 103

103.  When ye have performed the act of worship, remember Allah, standing, sitting and reclining. Then when ye are in safety, observe proper worship. Surely worship at fixed times hath been enjoined on the believers.

103.  Fa-‘izaa  qazay-tumus-Salaata  faz-kurUllaaha  qiyaa-manw—wa  qu-‘uudanw-wa  ‘alaa  junuubikum.  Fa-‘izat-ma’-nan-tum  fa-‘aqii-mus-Salaah.  ‘In-nas-Salaata  kaanat  ‘alal-Mu’-miniina  kitaabam-maw-quutaa.

Commentary

Qazay-tum – {(ye) have performed}, this word has been derived from the word Qazaa, which means ‘performed, completed, finished’. Here Qazaa has been used for completion of the worship at fixed times.

Junuubi – it is plural of Janab, which means ‘side, sideways, to lie down towards one side and to recline’, the aim from ‘alaa  junuubikum is ‘you recline, you lie down aside’.

Maw-quutan – (at fixed times), this word has come out from Waqt, which means ‘the time’.

‘Uz-kurUllaaha – (Remember Allah), Zikr means ‘remembrance’. Wird and waziifah are hence called zikr, because by performing these acts, a believer repeats the names of Allah (Almighty) and supplications, memorizes them again and again.  

In the previous verse, it was described, “How to offer prayer while you are facing the enemies’ attack directly and during war condition”. It is evident that certainly; there will be confusion, un-contentment and narrowness during such condition. But the prayer is to be performed as and when its time is In, in each condition (whether there is war or peace; and either sick or on journey). But since the remembrance of Allah Almighty cannot be fulfilled properly due to fear and confusion at such time, therefore, it has been instructed, “Remember Allah in the condition of standing, sitting and reclining, after performing the act of worship (prayer)”. There is no restriction of any kind for His remembrance.

The intention of the prayer is to remember Allah Almighty, to attend only to our Creator, our Lord, our Master returning from each side. Therefore, whenever the peace time begins and the fear of fighting etc. is driven back, then you should perform the act of worship in such a manner that as the prayer has its right to be offered. All parts of the prayer should be performed slowly; staying; regularly. Try to be in love with the remembrance of Allah Almighty. Offer the prayer punctually in time in accord with all principles, when the time of worship starts. However, any particular time is not fixed for the remembrance of Allah Almighty. You can remember Him every time in your heart.

Several matters have been manifested from these verses, which we should keep in view in all respect. The prayer is of such kind of duty, which cannot be warded off in any form. It will be performed somehow or other, whether you are in the battlefield or it is the peace time, whether you are sick or traveling or there is any trouble. Secondly the prayer at fixed times has been enjoined on the believers. Neither it can be offered without time, nor can it be postponed.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/tJL6kygFix4

Care is must - Quran Chapter 4-102b (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-590) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 102b (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-590) - درس قرآن

Care is must

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا۟ فَلْيَكُونُوا۟ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌأُخْرَىٰ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا۟ فَلْيُصَلُّوا۟ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةًوَٰحِدَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَن تَضَعُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا 102

102b.  Those who disbelieve long for you to neglect your arms and your baggage that they may attack you one for all. It is not sin for you to lay aside your arms, if rain impedeth you or you are sick. But take your precaution. Lo! Allah has prepared for the disbelievers shameful punishment.

102b.  Wad-dallazii-na  kafaruu  law  tag-fuluuna  ‘an  ‘asli-hatikum  wa  ‘amti-  ‘ati-kum  faya-miiluuna  ‘alaykum-  may-latanw-waahidah. Wa  laa  junaaha  ‘alaykum  ‘in-  kaana  bi-kum  ‘azam-mim-matarin  ‘aw    kuntum-marzaaa  ‘an-  taza-‘uuu  ‘asli-hatakum.  Wa  khuzuu  hiz-rakum.  ‘InnAllaaha  ‘a-‘adda  lil-kaafiriina  ‘azaabam-muhiinaa.

Commentary

Wad-da – (wish, long, desire eagerly), it is from wadd, which means ‘to love, to like and to want’. The word Waduud has also come out from it.

‘Amti-  ‘ati-kum  - (Your baggage), it is plural of mataaa’, which means ‘the things of necessity, that baggage which is compulsory’.

Ya-miiluuna  - {they (may) attack (you)}, it has been derived from miil. Miilaan is also from it, which means ‘to bow aside, to incline to, to turn, to attack, to rush in, to break upon’.

Muhiinan – (shameful, dishonorable, disgraceful), this word is made from ‘Ahaanat, which means ‘to abase, to insult, to disgrace or to show down’.

After the mention about the curtailed Prayer during journey, the Prayer in the condition of fear has been described. Now, it is the last part of this verse, in which it has been explained that during war every task should be performed carefully and intellectually. You have been given facility in the prayer during war condition. Even then, you should worship keeping in view the planning of your enemy and escaping from their attack. The enemies lie in wait for your carelessness that as soon as they find you in relaxed condition, they break upon you forthwith.

Therefore, you are instructed that you should keep your arms and equipment dressed upon your bodies during offering the prayer, so that, observing your readiness, they may not find opportunity of sudden attack over you. However, if it becomes difficult to lift the weapons due to any reason and performing the prayer acts like prostration etc. become impossible, for example someone is either deadly injured or it is cause of trouble to prostrate or to bow for praying duly dressed with weapon, then there is no objection in keeping the weapon aside. It will not be considered a fault to put it on the ground.

This command is for you for the purpose that there is dire need of care in war. You should make up “the equipment of safety” to frighten your enemy. Trust in Allah Almighty, after that, be hopeful about His Dignity and believe that He has prepared shameful torment for the infidels, who have come to ruin you, considering that you were weak.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).  

https://youtu.be/LVpmnr5DovU

How should the prayer be offered in war - Quran Chapter 4-102a (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-589) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 102a (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-589) - درس قرآن

How should the prayer be offered  in war

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِذَا كُنتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَآئِفَةٌ مِّنْهُم مَّعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ فَإِذَا سَجَدُوا۟ فَلْيَكُونُوا۟ مِن وَرَآئِكُمْ وَلْتَأْتِ طَآئِفَةٌأُخْرَىٰ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا۟ فَلْيُصَلُّوا۟ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ وَدَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوْ تَغْفُلُونَ عَنْ أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ فَيَمِيلُونَ عَلَيْكُم مَّيْلَةًوَٰحِدَةً وَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ إِن كَانَ بِكُمْ أَذًى مِّن مَّطَرٍ أَوْ كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَن تَضَعُوٓا۟ أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ وَخُذُوا۟ حِذْرَكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا 102

102a.  And when thou (O Muhammad) art among them and arrangest (their) worship for them, let only a party of them stand with thee (to worship) and let them take their arms. Then when they have performed their prostrations let them fall to the rear of you and let another party come that hath not worshipped and let them worship with thee, and let them take their precaution and their arms.

102a.  Wa  ‘izaa  kunta  fiihim  fa-‘aqmta  lahumus-Salaata  fal-taqum  taaa-‘ifatum-minhum-ma-‘aka  wal-ya’-khuzuuu  ‘asli-hatahum;  fa-‘izaa  sajaduu  fal-yakuunuu  minw-waraaa-‘ikum.  Wal-ta’-ti  taaa-‘ifatun  ‘ukh-raa  lam  yu-salluu  fal-yu-salluu  ma-‘aka  wal-ya’-khuzuu  hizra-hum  wa  ‘asli-hatahum.

Commentary

Taaa-‘ifatun – (a party, a group or a society), here it aims ‘a part of Army’.

Waraaa-‘i  - (rear), this word has been used for many aims as for ‘ahead, back, either front or rear’.

The Occasion regarding descending of this verse is that Most Gracious Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) moved along with Muslims for fighting in the Battle of ‘Asfaan. When the war was being fought, the time of Zuhr prayer (the time immediately after the declining of the sun) began. He (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) offered two rak-‘aat of the prescribed congregational prayer with other Muslims, in accordance with the instructions, revealed in the previous verse. The Army of the disbelievers was looking it in confusion. They were as much wonder-struck and senseless that they could not think about attack upon the Muslims immediately. When the Muslims had completed their worship, then Khalid Bin Waliid, till that time who had not embraced Islam and who was commander of the disbelievers’ Army, said to the personnel of his Army with great sorrow, “We have committed a very big error. When the Muslims were standing in a file to offer prayer, it was the best chance for us to attack them; coming from their rear. However, after a while they will worship again in the afternoon (‘Asr prayer), then we shall finish them”.

Before starting the time of afternoon (‘Asr) prayer, Allah Almighty revealed this verse. The prayer of ‘Asr was offered according to the new revelation and the planning of the disbelievers was put down as it were.

It is commanded: When you are fighting against the infidels and the time of prayer begins, then the Army should be distributed in two parties. One party should stand still in front of the disbelievers and the other should stand for worship behind the first party. When this party finishes its first rak-‘at and completes it with prostration, then these people should face the enemy; leaving your rear and that party, which was standing before the enemy, they should establish their second rak-‘at following the spiritual Guide. When you turn over your Salaam after completion of your prayer, then these people should go back again before the enemy, and the party; which was standing in front of the enemy, they should come back and complete their prayer (first rak-‘at of the prayer) alone. Then they should return before the enemy and the remaining people should complete their remaining part of the prayer (first rak-‘at). In this prayer, the people are permitted to move according to requirement. Necessary Arms, Ammunition and Equipment for safety should be with everybody.  

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).  

https://youtu.be/YFSOKqDnaVo

Curtailing prayer during journey - Quran Chapter 4-101 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-588) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 101 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-588) - درس قرآن

Curtailing prayer during journey

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَقْصُرُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَن يَفْتِنَكُمُ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِنَّ ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ كَانُوا۟ لَكُمْ عَدُوًّا مُّبِينًا 101

101.  And when ye go forth in the land, it is no sin for you to curtail (your) worship if ye fear that those who disbelieve may attack you. In truth the disbelievers are an open enemy to you.

101.  Wa  ‘izaa  zarab-tum  fil- ‘arzi  falaysa  ‘alaykum  junaa-hun  ‘an-taq-suruu  minas-Salaa-ti  ‘in  khif-tum  ‘any-yaf-tina-kumul-laziina  kafaruu.  ‘Innal-kaafiriina  kaanuu  lakum  ‘aduw-wam-mubiinaa.

Commentary

Taq-suruu – {Curtail (your worship)}, this word is from qasar. Some other words have also come out from it like qusuur, qaasir, taq-siir. Qasar means ‘to curtail, to lessen, to reduce, to subtract and to diminish’. To curtail the worship means, “The prayer of four rak-‘aat, will become of two during journey”.

Yaf-tina-kum  - {(they) will trouble you)}. It has been derived from fitnah, which means ‘mischief, quarrel and disturbance. Here it aims that the disbelievers will attack you.

There was description about Jihad and immigration in the previous verses. It is clear that the journey is necessary during above both acts. Therefore, form of offering the prayer during journey has been illustrated in this section and permitted to curtail worship in the condition of journey. If there is a threat from the enemy, who has not embraced your religion and they remain ready every time to hurt you, they will attack in the journey, then you are allowed to curtail some prayer during journey, because the infidels are your mortal enemies.

Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) caused to understand this matter in the manner that this concession is for all kinds of journeys, whether there is a danger in it or otherwise. The mention of fear has been stated in the verse for the purpose that when this verse was revealed, in those days the Tribe Bani Najaar asked, “What is the order for us about the prayer while we people remain frequently on journey”. Then Holy Prophet (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) told them, “Allah Almighty has produced for you this facility with His Mercy and Kindness and permitted to curtail the Rak-‘aat of prayers in case of journey”. (Rak-’at means, “Bowing head and body in prayer, and standing for the recitation of a portion of Holy Qur’an”).

Confirmation of Hanafii sect regarding the journey is that the travel should not be less than three manzil (stages) (one manzil is equal to a day’s journey). There will be no relaxation in the complete prayer for the journey less than three stages. The definition of the stage is that in which either a man or a camel travels with normal speed in a day. After that, whenever Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon Him) used to go on journey, then He used to offer two Rak-‘aat of the prayer instead of the prayer of four Rak-‘aat. But even then while the enemies intended to attack for getting benefit of the condition of worship by Muslims, then another method of worship was ordered, which will be discussed in the next lesson. Now it is known from these verses that the prayer is such incumbent work, which can never be left without offering besides entirely helplessness. However some relaxation and reductions have been permitted.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/KJdqn-gus9M

Refugees for the Cause of God - Quran Chapter 4-100 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-587) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 100 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-587) - درس قرآن

Refugees for the Cause of God

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَمَن يُهَاجِرْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ يَجِدْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ مُرَٰغَمًا كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِنۢ بَيْتِهِۦ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى ٱللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِۦ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ ٱلْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَأَجْرُهُۥ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا 100

100.  Whoso migrateth for the Cause of Allah will find much refuge and abundance in the earth. And whoso forsaketh his home, a fugitive unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtaketh him, his reward is then incumbent on Allah. And Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Merciful.

100.  Wa  many-yuhaajir  fii  Sabii-Lillaahi  yajid  fil-‘arzi-  mu-raagaman-  kasiiranw-wasa-‘ah.  Wa  many-yakhruj  mim-  baytihii  muhaa-jiran  ‘ilAllaahi  wa  Rasuulihii  summa  yudrik-hul-  mawtu  faqad  waqa-‘a  ‘ajruhuu  ‘alAllaah.  Wa  kaanAllaahu  Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.

Commentary

Wasa-‘a has been derived from sa-‘a-tan, which means wideness, capacity. It also aims ‘abundance, prosperity, opening and hilarity’. Here it signifies towards extent of livelihood and daily food, and freedom of acting upon the religion.

Yudrik – (overtake), this word is from ‘adraak, which means ‘to get, to understand, to hold’. Here it aims ‘to overtake’.

Waqa-‘a – (incumbent), here it aims “to become important, to approach”. It is from waquu’, which means ‘to occur’. In this verse a word ‘alaaa has come after waqa-‘a. Therefore, now its meaning will become ‘to be incumbent (on). As sometimes we say, “I have to do this work, that is to say; it is necessary and incumbent for me to do the particular work”. 

It was described in the earlier verses that the person, who has belief in his heart, it is compulsory for him that he should act like Muslims. This pretense “We in that case were under influence of other persons and those cruel people did not use to permit us to do good deeds” will not be heard from any healthy and able to work person. Therefore, it was commanded to them, “If you have been entangled in such a country, whose people prevent you from acting upon the religion, then you should migrate from that place and live in such an independent country, where you may be free to do independently.

This verse explains, “Nobody should be afraid that if he leaves present dwelling place, he doesn’t know, whether he will find any other place or otherwise, whether food will be attainable or not”. It has been comforted here, “If you will flee from such a place of suffocation, for acting upon the religion of Allah Almighty independently, then you will find much livelihood, refuge and abundance in the earth. The person, who will leave his family, household goods and native land in accordance with the Instructions of Allah Almighty and for His cause with true heart, Allah Almighty will not let him to be distressed. He will never feel any deficiency in eating and drinking. Observe after working purely for Allah Almighty. He will save you surely from the confusions. If you think, “What will happen, if I die in the way”, then you should believe in it that your reward and good retaliation is incumbent on Allah Almighty in such condition”, because you have migrated from your country for His Cause. He is Ever-Forgiving the sins of the believers; and Merciful.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/nDkqankPkRI