Migration for the oppressed people - Quran Chapter 4-97 to 99 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-586) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 97 to 99 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-586) - درس قرآن

Migration for the oppressed people

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَوَفَّىٰهُمُ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ ظَالِمِىٓ أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا۟ فِيمَ كُنتُمْ قَالُوا۟ كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ قَالُوٓا۟ أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ ٱللَّهِ وَٰسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا۟ فِيهَافَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ مَأْوَىٰهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ وَسَآءَتْ مَصِيرًا 97  إِلَّا ٱلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ ٱلرِّجَالِ وَٱلنِّسَآءِ وَٱلْوِلْدَٰنِ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ حِيلَةً وَلَا يَهْتَدُونَ سَبِيلًا 98 فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ عَسَى ٱللَّهُ أَن يَعْفُوَ عَنْهُمْ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَفُوًّا غَفُورًا 99

97.  Lo! As for those whom the angels take (in death) while they wrong themselves, (the angels) will ask: In what were ye engaged? They will say: We were oppressed in the land. (The angels) will say: Was not Allah’s earth spacious that ye could have migrated therein? As for such, their habitation will be Hell. And what an evil journey’s end. 98.  Except the feeble among men, and the women, and the children, who are unable to devise a plan and are not shown a way- 99.  As for such, it may be that Allah will pardon them. And Allah is Ever-Clement, Forgiving.

97.  ‘Innal-laziina  ta-waffaa-hu-mul-malaaa-‘ikatu  zaalimiii  ‘anfu-sihim  qaaluu  fiimaa  kuntum.  Qaaluu  kunnaa  mustaz-‘afiina  fil-‘arz.  Qaaluu  ‘alam  takun  ‘arzUllaahi  waasi-‘atan  fatu-haajiruu  fiihaa.  Fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika  ma’-waahum  Jahannam.  Wa  saaa-‘at  masiiraa.  98.  ‘Illal-mustaz-‘afiina  mi-nar-rijaali  wan-nisaaa-‘i  wal-wildaani  laa  yastatii-‘uuna  hii-latanw-wa  laa  yahtaduuna  sabiilaa. 99.  Fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika  ‘asAllaahu    ‘any-ya’-fuwa  ‘anhum.  Wa  kaanAllaahu  ‘afuwwan-  Gafuuraa.

Commentary

It is the abstract of above mentioned verses that after embracing Islam and believing in Holy Qur’an as a Guide, dwelling calmly does not have any sense. Those persons have been related in these verses with evil-doers, that is to say; tyrants for themselves, who keep belief in their hearts, but do not act upon the orders of Holy Qur’an fairly. They are spoiling their own. The Angels (peace be upon them) will ask from such people at the time of their death, “While truth of Holy Qur’an was manifested upon you, then why are you dying empty-handed today”? Why do you not have good deeds with you? Then their eyes will be opened. They will not be able to compose any reply. Lastly they will say, “While we were suppressed from others, then what would we have to do? We did not have power to oppose those people. We were weak, old and helpless”. Then the Angels (peace be upon them) will say, “What a strange thing? The earth created by Allah Almighty was lying too much spacious. You would have left that land of tyrant people and immigrated to any place of peace. There, you could get opportunity to act upon the religious teachings without hindrance. At this stage, they would be unable to reply because it was their own fault. It has been commanded here that abode of such people is the Hell, which is the worst place for living. However, ill men, women and children, who neither can think about any plan, nor they know about any path and nor they are able to work, their excuse can be accepted and hopefully Allah Almighty will forgive them.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/cMufgoXsJeU

Grades of Fighters for the sake of God - Quran Chapter 4-95 & 96 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-585) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 95 & 96 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-585) - درس قرآن

Grades of Fighters for the sake of God

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

لا يَستَوِي القاعِدونَ مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ غَيرُ أُولِي الضَّرَرِ وَالمُجاهِدونَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ بِأَموالِهِم وَأَنفُسِهِم ۚ فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ المُجاهِدينَ بِأَموالِهِم وَأَنفُسِهِم عَلَى القاعِدينَ دَرَجَةً ۚ وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّهُ الحُسنىٰ ۚ وَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ المُجاهِدينَ عَلَى القاعِدينَ أَجرًا عَظيمًا 95

دَرَجاتٍ مِنهُ وَمَغفِرَةً وَرَحمَةً ۚ وَكانَ اللَّهُ غَفورًا رَحيمًا96

95.  Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a disable (hurt), are not on an equality with those who strive in the Way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. And unto each Allah hath promised good. And He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary- 96.  Degrees of rank from Him, and forgiveness and mercy. And Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Merciful.

95.  Laa  yastawil-qaa-‘iduuna  minal-Mu’-miniina  gayru  ‘uliz-zarari  wal-Mujaa-hiduuna  fii  SabiiLillaahi  bi-‘amwaa-lihim  wa  ‘anfu-sihim.  Fazza-lAllaahul-Mujaa-hidiina  bi-‘amwaa-lihim  wa  ‘anfu-sihim  ‘alal-qaa-‘idiina  darajah.  Wa  kullanw-wa-‘adAllaahul-husnaa.  Wa  fazza-lAllaahul-Mujaa-hidiina  ‘alal-qaa-‘idiina  ’ajran  ‘aziimaa.  96.  Darajaatim-minhu  wa  mag-firatanw-wa  rahmah.  Wa  kaa-nAllaahu  Gafuurar-Rahiimaa.

Commentary

Gayru  ‘uliz-zarari  - (who sit still, who have no excuse), gayru means ‘except, besides, ‘uliz-zarari – (those persons who are healthy and able to fight). Allah Almighty commands that how can those people, (who shirk from strive and they are sitting at their homes to save only their own lives), be equal to those who strive with their wealth and lives. No doubt that the weak, the ill, the old, the cripple and the poor people cannot fight, but which excuse is for them who are healthy and have potentiality to strive? Those persons are thousand degrees better than them in merit, who are ready to spend their wealth and sacrifice their lives in the Way of Allah Almighty. They have higher ranks upon them. They are entitled for special absolution and kindness.

It is known from this verse that some such persons should be ready from the Muslims, who may save them and support the religion of Allah Almighty. It is not obligation for all Muslims to go for fighting, if any group of such people exists. However, it is the duty of entire people to help such group in their preparation. And if such group does not exist, then entire Muslims will be sinners.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/kQmiVzzgkqY

Care during slaying in Jihad - Quran Chapter 4-94 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-584) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 94 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-584) - درس قرآن

Care during slaying in Jihad

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا إِذا ضَرَبتُم في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنوا وَلا تَقولوا لِمَن أَلقىٰ إِلَيكُمُ السَّلامَ لَستَ مُؤمِنًا تَبتَغونَ عَرَضَ الحَياةِ الدُّنيا فَعِندَ اللَّهِ مَغانِمُ كَثيرَةٌ ۚ كَذٰلِكَ كُنتُم مِن قَبلُ فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيكُم فَتَبَيَّنوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كانَ بِما تَعمَلونَ خَبيرًا94.

94.  O ye who believe! When ye go forth (to fight) in the Way of Allah, be careful to discriminate, and say not unto one who offereth you peace: “Thou art not a believer”, seeking the chance profits of this life (so that ye may despoil him). With Allah are plenteous spoils. Even thus (as he now is) were ye before; but Allah hath since then been gracious unto you; therefore take care to discriminate. Surely Allah is Aware of what ye do.

94.  Yaaa-‘ayyu-hallaziina  ‘aa-manuuu  ‘izaa  zarab-tum  fii  SabiiLillaahi  fata-bayyanuu  wa  laa  taquuluu  liman  ‘alqaaa  ‘ilay-kumus-salaama  lasta  Mu’-minaa.  Tab-taguuna  ‘arazal-hayaa-tiddunyaa  fa-‘indAllaahi  magaanimu  kasiirah.  Kazaalika  kuntum-min-  qablu  faman-nAllaahu  ‘alaykum  fata-bayyanuu.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  bimaa  ta’-maluuna  Khabiiraa.

Commentary

Zarab-tum – (you go forth), this word is from zaraba, one meaning of which is ‘to beat’, and it has also other meanings which are ‘to move, to travel’. In this verse, it aims these (second) meanings. 

‘Alqaaa – (offering), it means ‘to put an offer, to say about any matter before someone for his conciliation or making him to understand, to throw anything towards any person’.

‘Araza – (chance profits, wealth and goods), here it signifies towards common necessities of life.

  

Magaanimun  - (the spoils), having the mastery over the things without labor, the wealth acquired for nothing and possession of those things, which have been snatched/taken over from the enemy in war (Maali ganiimat).

Fata-bayyanuu – (Discriminate, inquire, investigate), it has been derived from bayaan. Here it means ‘to set up a judgment after necessary investigation and understanding thoroughly.

It is commanded that ‘when you come out from your houses for fighting, then you should do nothing without attention and investigation, and whosoever discloses that he is a Muslim, you should not say him that he is not a Muslim considering that he is pretending only to save his life. And you should not slay him to get his possessing. What would you do after possession of this a little wealth? Allah Almighty will cause to give you the wealth and equipment of your enemies in huge quantity. There is no deficiency with Him. Stop your hand from the person at once, who declares with any method that he is a believer. Before Islam, you used to slay without any hesitation for getting very little things. Now you have embraced Islam. You should be careful in each matter. None should be slain by your hands in the greed of wealth. You have no right to kill that person who has disclosed himself as a Muslim, blaming him that he said himself a Muslim to save his life only. Allah Almighty knows the deeds of all of you very well and only He can decide that who is true and who is a liar. Therefore, you should kill only that person, about whom you are ordered to do so. You cannot understand that whether he embraced Islam to save his life or really he is a Believer. 

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/-DCBGZILZS4

Punishment of willful murder - Quran Chapter 4-92b & 93 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-583) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 92b & 93 (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-583) - درس قرآن

Punishment of willful murder

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍأَن يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَـًٔا وَمَن قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَـًٔا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَصَّدَّقُوا۟ فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّكُمْوَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍۭ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُشَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا 92

         وَمَن يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُّتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَآؤُهُۥ جَهَنَّمُ خَٰلِدًا فِيهَا وَغَضِبَ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَلَعَنَهُۥوَأَعَدَّ لَهُۥ عَذَابًا عَظِيمًا 93

92b.  And if he cometh of a folk between whom and you there is a covenant, then the blood-money must be paid unto his folk and (also) a believing slave must be set free. And whoso hath not the wherewithal must fast two consecutive months; a penance from Allah. And Allah is Knower, Wise. 93.  Whoso slayeth a believer intentionally his reward is Hell wherein he will abide for ever and Allah is wroth against him and He hath cursed him and prepared for him an awful doom.

92b.  Wa  ‘in  kaana  min  qawmim-bayna-kum  wa  baynahum-mii-saaqun-  fa-diyatum-musalla-matun  ‘ilaaa  ‘ahlihiii  wa  tah-riiru  raqa-batim-Mu’-minah.  Famallam  yajid  fa-Siyaamu  shah-rayni  mutataa-bi-‘ayn;  tawbatam-minAllaah.  Wa  kaanAllaahu  ‘Aliiman  Hakiimaa.  93.  Wa  many-yaqtul  Mu’-minam- muta-‘ammidan-  fa-jazaaa-‘uhuu   Jahannamu  khaalidan-  fiihaa  wa  gazibAllaahu  ‘alayhi  wa  la-‘anahuu  wa  ‘a-‘adda  lahuu  ‘azaaban  ‘aziimaa.

Commentary

Shah-rayni  mutataa-bi-‘ayn – (two consecutive months), shah-rayn is plural of shahr, which means “one month”. Mutataa-bi-‘ayn means “consecutive, continuously”. It aims that no day should be left without fast within two months.

Muta-‘ammidan – (intentionally), it has been derived from the word ‘amada, which means ‘intention, attempt, willing. Qatli-‘amad means willful murder or homicide, because punishment of unknowingly murder is different from this type of killing.

Description of the first part of above mentioned verse has passed in the previous lesson that if the slain person belongs to such nation or country, whose people are not Muslims but a treaty of peace has taken place mutually among you and them, then what should be done?

In the second part of the verse it has been described that if the killer is poor, neither he has any slave or bond-woman to set free, and nor has wealth for paying blood-money, then he should fast for two months consecutively. Then his repentance will be acceptable because this is not such a crime which may be forgiven so easily. Suffer upon your own body as penance of murder and fast two consecutive months without leaving any day beside fasting, if you do not have wherewithal (blood-money) to spend. 

In the next verse, punishment for that believer has been described, who kills any other believer intentionally and voluntarily. This is the crime from which nobody can get rid of through penance. Its punishment will be given on the Doomsday. The killer will be thrown in the Fire of Hell. He will abide there forever. The Curse of Allah Almighty is upon him and He will be wroth on him. He has prepared for him an awful doom. This torment is separate from that punishment which will be suffered by him in the world i.e. paying kisaas (blood-money) by him. The command regarding retaliation (Kisaas) has passed in Surah Al-Baqarah (Chapter: The Cow).

In these verses, it has been explained that if a Muslim kills any other Muslim, he should pay expiation; if he killed unintentionally, as mentioned in the previous lesson, or if he is poor, then he should fast for two consecutive months as explained in the first part of this lesson, and if he killed intentionally, then his punishment is “the Fire of the Hell, curse and wrath of Allah Almighty”.  

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif).

https://youtu.be/irpu3fIZJps

Punishment of killing a Muslim unintentionally - Quran Chapter 4-92a (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-582) - درس قرآن

Quran Chapter 4- 92a (Pt-5, Stg-1) (L-582) - درس قرآن

Punishment of killing a Muslim unintentionally

Surah ‘An-Nisaaa’  (Women) – Chapter – 4) 

‘A-‘uu-zu  Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in God from Satan the outcast)

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍأَن يَقْتُلَ مُؤْمِنًا إِلَّا خَطَـًٔا وَمَن قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَـًٔا فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦٓ إِلَّآ أَن يَصَّدَّقُوا۟ فَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّكُمْوَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ وَإِن كَانَ مِن قَوْمٍۭ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَٰقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِۦ وَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤْمِنَةٍ فَمَن لَّمْ يَجِدْ فَصِيَامُشَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ تَوْبَةً مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا 92

92a.  It is not for a believer to kill a believer unless (it be) by mistake. And he who hath killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay the blood-money to the family of the slain, unless they remit it as a charity. If he (the victim) be of a people hostile unto you, and he is a believer, then (the penance is) to set free a believing slave.

92a.  Wa  maa  kaana  li-Mu’-mi-nin  ‘any-yaqtula  Mu’-minan  ‘illaa  khata-‘aa.  Wa  man  qatala  Mu’-minan  khata-‘an  fatah-riiru  raqabatim-Mu’-minatinw-wa  di-yatum-musalla-matun  ‘ilaaa  ‘ahlihiii  ‘illaaa  ‘any-yas-saddaquu.  Fa-‘in  kaana  min- qawmin  ‘aduwwil-lakum  wa huwa  Mu’-minun-   fatah-riiru  raqaba-tim-Mu’-minah.

Commentary

Tah-riiru  - (to set free), its origin is hur and plural ‘ahraar. Hur means ‘free, independent’.

Raqa-bati – (neck), here, meaning of this word is ‘slave’, because slave’s neck remains in his master’s hands.

Di-yatun – (blood-money), that is to say; the amount or part of wealth which is paid to the family of the slain person.

Yas-saddaquu  - (they remit, exempt), the word is from sadaqah, which means charity. Its object is that if the heirs of the killed person forgive the killer and do not take blood-money from him, then it will be charity from them.

Heretofore, the Muslims were instructed that they should fight against mischievous and treacherous hypocrites, and it is possible in the war that any Muslim is slain erroneously or unknowingly. So punishment of this type of murder was mentioned.

It is commanded, “It cannot be expected from a Muslim that he will kill any other Muslim intentionally. However, if it has been happened so erroneously, then it should be observed:

• Whether the Muslim is from one’s own nation and country?

• Or does he belong to any other such nation or country, whose people are not Muslims but a treaty of peace has taken place mutually among you and them?

• Or did he come from such disbelieving nation with whom you do not have any agreement of peace, but both are enemies of each other and fighting?

If the slain person is from own folk, then the killer will set free a Muslim slave and pay the blood-money to the heirs of the slain. If he was from the nation, with whom you have agreement of peace, then also you will set free any Muslim slave and pay the blood-money to his infidel heirs. If he belonged to the enemy nation, then you would have to set free a Muslim slave only. In this case paying the blood-money is not compulsory.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by Paak Company, 17-Urdu Bazar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’an published By Idara Islah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to English  by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/1XjSU4Rf7CA